La diversidad funcional en comunidades animales: una revisión que hace énfasis en los vertebrados

La diversidad funcional es la variedad de funciones que desempeñan las especies en los ecosistemas. Su estudio en comunidades animales todavía es incipiente y, por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión es aportar información de referencia sobre los conceptos básicos relativos a la cuantificación de la diversidad funcional y sus aplicaciones en vertebrados, así como los avances realizados al respecto. Los peces y las aves, seguidos de los mamíferos, han sido los grupos más estudiados. Los anfibios y los reptiles han recibido menos atención, aun cuando tienen un alto potencial para el estudio de la diversidad funcional. Existen protocolos para la medición directa y estandarizada de los rasgos funcionales en aves, anfibios y peces dulceacuícolas. Con respecto a los mamíferos y los reptiles, no existen guías a seguir y los rasgos funcionales generalmente se toman de la literatura. Para complementar y promover la medición de rasgos funcionales en vertebrados, se presenta una lista de rasgos que se podrían utilizar para analizar la diversidad funcional en diferentes subgrupos de mamíferos y en reptiles.Functional diversity in animal communities: a review with emphasis on vertebrates Functional diversity is the variety of functional roles that species have in ecosystems. As its study in animal communities is still emerging, the aim of this review is to provide an informative reference on the basic concepts and advances in the quantification of functional diversity and its applications to vertebrates. The most studied groups to date are fish and birds, followed by mammals. Amphibians and reptiles have received less attention despite their high potential for the study of functional diversity. Protocols are available for the direct and standardized measure of functional traits in birds, amphibians and freshwater fish. No guides are yet available, however, for mammals and reptiles and functional traits are usually taken from the literature. To complement and to promote the measurement of functional traits in vertebrates, we provide a list of potential traits for the analysis of functional diversity in different subgroups of mammals and in reptiles.La diversidad funcional es la variedad de funciones que desempeñan las especies en los ecosistemas. Su estudio en comunidades animales todavía es incipiente y, por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión es aportar información de referencia sobre los conceptos básicos relativos a la cuantificación de la diversidad funcional y sus aplicaciones en vertebrados, así como los avances realizados al respecto. Los peces y las aves, seguidos de los mamíferos, han sido los grupos más estudiados. Los anfibios y los reptiles han recibido menos atención, aun cuando tienen un alto potencial para el estudio de la diversidad funcional. Existen protocolos para la medición directa y estandarizada de los rasgos funcionales en aves, anfibios y peces dulceacuícolas. Con respecto a los mamíferos y los reptiles, no existen guías a seguir y los rasgos funcionales generalmente se toman de la literatura. Para complementar y promover la medición de rasgos funcionales en vertebrados, se presenta una lista de rasgos que se podrían utilizar para analizar la diversidad funcional en diferentes subgrupos de mamíferos y en reptiles

Escrutinio physico-medico-mechanico-chimico sobre las especiales virtudes medicinales de las aguas de Alaraz y Muñana para la mas exacta curacion de todas rebeldes dolencias ... : contiene una dissetacion physico-medico-Pharmaceutica sobre el Mannà que se observo en varios Pueblos de la inmediacion de esta ciudad de Abila ...

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Fecha de la tasa, 1753Sign.: [calderon]-5[calderon]4, 6[calderon]2, A-V

Unraveling the ecological processes modulating the population structure of Escherichia coli in a highly polluted urban stream network

Escherichia coli dynamics in urban watersheds are affected by a complex balance among external inputs, niche modulation and genetic variability. To explore the ecological processes influencing E. coli spatial patterns, we analyzed its abundance and phylogenetic structure in water samples from a stream network with heterogeneous urban infrastructure and environmental conditions. Our results showed that environmental and infrastructure variables, such as macrophyte coverage, DIN and sewerage density, mostly explained E. coli abundance. Moreover, main generalist phylogroups A and B1 were found in high proportion, which, together with an observed negative relationship between E. coli abundance and phylogroup diversity, suggests that their dominance might be due to competitive exclusion. Lower frequency phylogroups were associated with sites of higher ecological disturbance, mainly involving simplified habitats, higher drainage infrastructure and septic tank density. In addition to the strong negative relationship between phylogroup diversity and dominance, the occurrence of these phylogroups would be associated with increased facilitated dispersal. Nutrients also contributed to explaining phylogroup distribution. Our study proposes the differential contribution of distinct ecological processes to the patterns of E. coli in an urban watershed, which is useful for the monitoring and management of fecal pollution.Fil: Saraceno, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Lugo, Sebastian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Nicolás. Provincia de Mendoza. Ministerio de Infraestructura y Vivienda. Secretaria de Obras Publicas. Instituto Nacional del Agua; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Bárbara M.. Provincia de Mendoza. Ministerio de Infraestructura y Vivienda. Secretaria de Obras Publicas. Instituto Nacional del Agua; ArgentinaFil: Sabio y García, Carmen Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Frankel, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Graziano, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Spatial variation of mammal richness, functional and phylogenetic diversity in the Mexican transition zone

The multi-dimensional analysis of biodiversity addresses several components, including the number of species, as well as their ecological and evolutionary identities. This approach can lead to key biodiversity patterns that remain covered when only species richness is studied. The convergence of the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic regions in Mexico suggests spatial variation in biodiversity patterns. In this study we analysed species richness, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity of mammal assemblages in relation to abiotic variables and their variation across the biogeographic regions. Our results showed contrasting patterns among biodiversity dimensions: 1) species richness followed the typical global pattern of a gradual increase from the Nearctic towards the Neotropical region, 2) phylogenetic diversity was highest in the Transitional region; and 3) functional diversity was highest in the Neotropical region, but not different between the Nearctic and Transitional regions. Abiotic variables had a significant relation with variation in biodiversity dimensions, but they had a higher contribution to explain functional diversity than species richness and phylogenetic diversity. The decoupled patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity among the biogeographical regions highlight the complementarity between these dimensions and the importance of transitional regions, and suggest that several historical, environmental and ecological processes may be structuring mammal assemblages. Likewise, different approaches should be followed in accordance to variation of functional and phylogenetic traits among regions

Interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias del Estado de México, México: el modelo de paisajes bioculturales a escala local: Interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in communities originating from the State of Mexico, Mexico: the biocultural landscape model at a local scale

La implementación del modelo de paisajes bioculturales a escala local en los pueblos originarios de México podría conducir a la resignificación de dichos paisajes bioculturales, ya que permite la integración de prácticas y saberes para su gestión sostenible. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las dimensiones que caracterizan a los aspectos de los paisajes bioculturales, así como las interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias del Estado de México, México, para relacionarlas con los objetivos a escala local del modelo de paisajes bioculturales. Con un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó un taller participativo dirigido a miembros de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) y académicos especialistas en el tema, que constó de dos etapas. En la primera etapa, por equipos de trabajo, se identificó las dimensiones que caracterizan a los aspectos de los paisajes bioculturales de comunidades originarias, así como las tres dimensiones más importantes de cada aspecto; en la segunda etapa, de manera grupal, se identificaron las interacciones bosque-agricultura, bosque y agricultura, así como su relación con los objetivos locales de la implementación del modelo de paisajes bioculturales. Concluyendo que la identificación de las interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias podría facilitar el diseño e implementación de los diferentes objetivos a escala local de dicho modelo. The implementation of the biocultural landscapes model at a local scale in the indigenous peoples of Mexico could lead to the resignification of said biocultural landscapes, since it allows the integration of practices and knowledge for their sustainable management. The objective of this study was to identify the dimensions that characterize the aspects of biocultural landscapes, as well as the interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in communities originating from the State of Mexico, Mexico, to relate them to the local-scale objectives of the biocultural landscape model. With a qualitative approach, a participatory workshop was held aimed at members of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and academics specializing in the topic, which consisted of two stages. In the first stage, by work teams, the dimensions that characterize the aspects of the biocultural landscapes of native communities were identified, as well as the three most important dimensions of each aspect; In the second stage, in a group manner, the forest-agriculture, forest and agriculture interactions were identified, as well as their relationship with the local objectives of the implementation of the biocultural landscape model. Concluding that the identification of interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in native communities could facilitate the design and implementation of the different objectives at the local scale of said model

Effectiveness of a smartphone application for improving healthy lifestyles, a randomized clinical trial (EVIDENT II) : study protocol

Background: New technologies could facilitate changes in lifestyle and improve public health. However, no large randomized, controlled studies providing scientific evidence of the benefits of their use have been made. The aims of this study are to develop and validate a smartphone application, and to evaluate the effect of adding this tool to a standardized intervention designed to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to physical activity. An evaluation is also made of the effect of modifying habits upon vascular structure and function, and therefore on arterial aging. Methods/Design: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group clinical trial will be carried out. A total of 1215 subjects under 70 years of age from the EVIDENT trial will be included. Counseling common to both groups (control and intervention) will be provided on adaptation to the Mediterranean diet and on physical activity. The intervention group moreover will receive training on the use of a smartphone application designed to promote a healthy diet and increased physical activity, and will use the application for three months. The main study endpoints will be the changes in physical activity, assessed by accelerometer and the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) interview, and adaptation to the Mediterranean diet, as evaluated by an adherence questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Evaluation also will be made of vascular structure and function based on central arterial pressure, the radial augmentation index, pulse velocity, the cardio-ankle vascular index, and carotid intima-media thickness. Discussion: Confirmation that the new technologies are useful for promoting healthier lifestyles and that their effects are beneficial in terms of arterial aging will have important clinical implications, and may contribute to generalize their application in favor of improved population health. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT0201601

ANAIS status report

We report the status of the ANAIS (Annual modulation with NAI Scintillators) experiment focusing on the developments towards the improvement of the background level of our detectors and the reduction of the energy threshold

Association between smoking status and the parameters of vascular structure and function in adults : results from the EVIDENT study

Background: The present study analyses the relation between smoking status and the parameters used to assess vascular structure and function. Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-centre study involved a random sample of 1553 participants from the EVIDENT study. Measurements: The smoking status, peripheral augmentation index and ankle-brachial index were measured in all participants. In a small subset of the main population (265 participants), the carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity were also measured. Results: After controlling for the effect of age, sex and other risk factors, present smokers have higher values of carotid intima-media thickness (p = 0.011). Along the same lines, current smokers have higher values of pulse wave velocity and lower mean values of ankle-brachial index but without statistical significance in both cases. Conclusions: Among the parameters of vascular structure and function analysed, only the IMT shows association with the smoking status, after adjusting for confounders

VOLUMEN 19, NÚMERO 34 (1990)

LAS GRANULITAS EN COLOMBIA. Gómez, J. A.ESTRUCTURAS Y DEFORMACIONES DE LOS SEDIMENTOS CRETÁCEOS DE LA FORMACIÓN ABEJORRAL, DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTIOQUIA, CORDILLERA CENTRAL. Kammer, A.PROSPECCIÓN GEOQUÍMICA DE SUELOS EN LOS ALREDEDORES DE LA QUEBRADA CHIRAPOTÓ. Ortiz, B. F.; Chamorro, G. M.ESTUDIO GEOLÓGICO DE UN YACIMIENTO DE Pb-Zn EN EL PARAJE LA X - TUTUNENDO (CHOCÓ). Molina, M. L.; Ochoa, Y. A.; Ortíz B. F.GEOLOGÍA Y PETROGRAFÍA DE FACIES CATACLÁSTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN BARROSO E INTRUSIVOS Y METAMORFITAS ASOCIADOS EN CAÑAFISTO, ANTIOQUIA. Vargas, G.; Amaya, C