Estimate and Classify the Hardness of Different Water Sources by Using Prepared Soap Solution

This research includes available techniques and simplified methods to estimate and classify the quality of hardness for different water supply sources like sea water, various wells (Fayda, khabyar, jumbyar) and tap water of Basrah ,Mosul, Duhok and Baghdad, by using prepared soap solution from different commercial liquid soap with different concentration (SS1,2,3 , SS4,5,6 , SS7,8,9 ). The hardness of water is relative to the formation of foam (suds) when soap solution is added to water samples until a foam layer of a certain height (2cm) formed. We determine the volume (in drops, milliliter) of soap solution. If there is a lot of foam formed quickly with little soap solution, the water is rather soft. If you need to add a lot of soap solution to produce a certain height of foam, the water is rather hard. Many factor that establish during experiments, the quality of water supply, measuring degree of hardness, concentration of water samples. Compared with the results of laboratory tests for water stations of Mosul gave our method of encouraging and positive results to continue in the future, so liquid soap bubbles (foam) are a good indicator of classifying types of water. Key words: Estimate and classify the hardness of different water sources, New and simple calculations 

Laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy and properties prediction using deep learning approaches

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo is one of the most important titanium alloys characterised by its high strength, fatigue, and toughness properties, making it a popular material for aerospace and biomedical applications. However, no studies have been reported on processing this alloy using laser powder bed fusion. In this paper, a deep learning neural network (DLNN) was introduced to rationalise and predict the densification and hardness due to Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy. The process optimisation results showed that near-full densification is achieved in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy samples fabricated using an energy density of 77–113 J/mm3. Furthermore, the hardness of the builds was found to increase with increasing the laser energy density. Porosity and the hardness measurements were found to be sensitive to the island size, especially at high-energy-density. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was able to eliminate the porosity, increase the hardness, and achieve the desirable α and β phases. The developed model was validated and used to produce process maps. The trained deep learning neural network model showed the highest accuracy with a mean percentage error of 3% and 0.2% for the porosity and hardness. The results showed that deep learning neural networks could be an efficient tool for predicting materials properties using small data

Postgraduate pedagogy in pandemic times: Online forums as facilitators of access to dialogic interaction and scholarly voices

In 2020, when the switch to remote teaching and learning required redesigning asynchronous on-line versions of face-to-face courses, we were concerned about whether access to engaged and dialogic learning could be facilitated in this new space. In attempting to address this concern we asked students in a B Ed Honours course to post, in an online forum, their reflective responses to weekly readings and to each other’s posts. This discussion forum became the engine of the course. With their permission, the posts of students in the 2021 cohort, together with their summative reflective reading response assignment, were analysed in order to understand different kinds of dialogic interactions and their affordances for reducing the potential alienation of asynchronous learning. One of the key findings that emerged from this analysis is the role of dialogic interaction in facilitating the development of personal, professional and scholarly voices which contributed to epistemic access.  Our analysis was informed by the theoretical work of Bakhtin on the dialogic and by theoretical and empirical work of scholars in the field of critical pedagogies. We use examples from the writing of a ‘stronger’ and a ‘weaker’ student to illustrate how students negotiated roles and positions for themselves by appropriating and using the textual resources available on the forum. We argue for the value of sustained practice in ‘writing about reading’, of reading each other’s writing and of ‘writing back’ to one another on-line, for the gradual acquisition of a range of confident voices and for enhanced understanding of module content

Prediction of temperature dependent wave dispersion and interaction properties in composite structures

Composite structures are widely used for aerospace and automotive applications. These operate within a broad temperature range varying between -100_C to 200_C for launch vehicles and -60_C to +50_C for aircraft and automotive vehicles. Hereby, the sensitivity of the wave propagation and interaction properties of a composite structure to the ambient flight temperature is investigated. A wave finite element (WFE) and finite element (FE) based computational method is presented by which the temperature dependent wave dispersion characteristics and interaction phenomenon in a composite structures can be predicted. Initially, the temperature dependent mechanical properties of the panel in the range of -100_C to 150_C are measured experimentally using the Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA). Temperature dependent wave dispersion characteristics of each waveguide of the structural system, which is discretised as a system of a number of waveguides joined by a coupling element, is calculated using the WFE approach. The wave scattering properties, as a function of temperature, is determined by coupling the WFE wave characteristics models of the waveguides with the full FE modelling of the coupling element on which defect is included. Numerical case studies are exhibited for two waveguides coupled through a coupling element

Risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions following paediatric surgery: A systematic review

Background. Unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) have important implications in the general management of patients. Research in this area has been conducted in the adult and non-surgical population. To date, there is no systematic review addressing risk factors in the paediatric surgical population. Objective. To synthesise the information from studies that explore the risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions following surgery in children through a systematic review process. Method. We conducted a systematic review of published literature (PROSPERO registration CRD42020163766), adhering to the Preferred Reporting of Observational Studies and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) strategy used was based on: population – paediatric population, exposure – risk factors, comparator – other, and outcome – unplanned ICU admission. Data that reported on unplanned ICU admissions following paediatric surgery were extracted and analysed. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results. Seven studies were included in the data synthesis. Four studies were of good quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score ≥7 points. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) estimate of unplanned ICU stay was 2.69% (0.05 - 8.6%) and ranged between 0.06% and 8.3%. Significant risk factors included abnormal sleep studies and the presence of comorbidities in adenotonsillectomy surgery. In the general surgical population, younger age, comorbidities and general anaesthesia were significant. Abdominal surgery and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery resulted in a higher risk of unplanned ICU admission. Owing to the heterogeneity of the data, a meta-analysis with risk prediction could not be performed. Conclusion. Significant patient, surgical and anaesthetic risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admission in children following surgery are described in this systematic review. A combination of these factors may direct planning toward anticipation of the need for a higher level of postoperative care. Further work to develop a predictive score for unplanned ICU stay is desirable

The impact of temperature on wave interaction with damage in composite structures

The increased use of composite materials in modern aerospace and automotive structures, and the broad range of launch vehicles’ operating temperature imply a great temperature range for which the structures has to be frequently and thoroughly inspected. A thermal mechanical analysis is used to experimentally measure the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of a composite layered panel in the range of −100 ℃ to 150 ℃. A hybrid wave finite element/finite element computational scheme is developed to calculate the temperature-dependent wave propagation and interaction properties of a system of two structural waveguides connected through a coupling joint. Calculations are made using the measured thermomechanical properties. Temperature-dependent wave propagation constants of each structural waveguide are obtained by the wave finite element approach and then coupled to the fully finite element described coupling joint, on which damage is modelled, in order to calculate the scattering magnitudes of the waves interaction with damage across the coupling joint. The significance of the panel’s glass transition range on the measured and calculated properties is emphasised. Numerical results are presented as illustration of the work

A RESTful API for Supporting Automated BioBrick Model Assembly

Constructing simulatable models for BioBricks by hand is a complex and time-consuming task. The time taken could be reduced by using Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools to aid in designing models, but these tools need to be augmented with domain-specific knowledge. Here we propose a standard for a RESTful (Richardson, 2007) API which facilitates the discovery and publication of models of functional biological units. This API is designed to produce parts models which can be automatically combined into complete, simulatable models of entire systems