HUMAN GRANULOCYTOTROPIC ANAPLASMOSIS

Natural focal tick-borne infections are widespread in the world and are characterized by a great etiologic diversity. Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA), also transmitted by the bite of ticks became relevant in the last century of detection not only in animals but also in humans. The review provides an overview of the incidence of HGA in Russia and in the world, the prevalence of the habitat of mites, the diversity of reservoirs and sources of infection, mechanisms and pathways of transmission of the pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its biological features. The links and stages of the disease pathogenesis are considered in detail. Scientific data on the clinical course of the disease, the frequency and diversity of various symptoms of the disease, the issues of laboratory and differential diagnosis of anaplasmosis and its place in the nosological structure in patients with fever of unknown origin are discussed. At the same time, choosing a method of laboratory diagnostics it is necessary to take into account that molecular-genetic method (polymerase chain reaction PCR-diagnosis) allows to confirm the diagnosis quickly, while serological methods of research in a greater degree - to put a retrospective diagnosis. The article presents current data on the treatment of disease and methods of HGA prevention and also presents the results of the authors’ own observations based on the survey of 63 patients. The analysis of Moscow residents treatment about sucking mites is carried out and summarized the incidence of infections transmitted by ixode mites. For the diagnosis of HGA and other tick-borne fever used a technique called polymerase chain reaction. It has been revealed that in Moscow, lime borreliosis occupies a leading place among mites associated with infections 60%, and the share of granulocytic anaplasmosis of a person is only 5% of patients. However, the study of ticks for the presence of HGA pathogens and other natural focal tick infections is carried out in insufficient volume (less than 30%), which should be considered in clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis, as well as preventive measures

Deployment of Software-Controlled Distributed Laboratory Complex for a Higher Educational Institution

The intensive development of information systems and communication infrastructures has led to the emergence of new approaches and new tools for their management. Cloud services, virtualization technologies and software-based management tools are actively used today for building modern information systems which provides additional opportunities for managing components of these systems and for expanding such systems abilities. The use of such approaches and tools can provide a solution to the complex of problems faced by education institutions today, presenting new methods of distance learning and new forms of practical training. The balanced use of virtualization technologies and software-based control tools allows building distributed laboratory complexes of a new generation which will provide new possibilities for using the equipment that is available in educational institutions. The use of such complexes in the educational process allows not only to instill in students the skills of managing the configurations of communication infrastructures that are especially relevant today, but also to organize, in addition to traditional laboratory work, new forms of contactless practical classes. When conducting such classes, students get the opportunity to fully-functional remote access to the virtual and physical components of the complex, which is especially important for organizing the educational process in modern conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The article discusses modern approaches to the construction of software-controlled communication infrastructures, tools for software-based management of their components and also, an example of the implementation of these approaches and such tools usage in the construction of a distributed laboratory complex for a higher educational institution. The main advantages of the approach based on the use of hypervisors and emulators are presented, the experience of its deployment in the modernization of the laboratory complex for a IRIT-RTF UrFU is considered. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.This work is supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.000

Beginner adaptive swimming model for psychophysical progress of children with down syndrome

Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new beginner adaptive swimming model for children with Down syndrom

Implementation of a Policer-Based Control Loop for the Dynamic Resource Allocation of a Software-Defined Communication Infrastructure

The use of solutions based on the principles of virtualization is designed to increase the efficiency of using the communication infrastructure due to the dynamic distribution of existing communication and computing resources between their virtual components. The software management of the communication infrastructure components opens up opportunities for applying new approaches to solving the currently very urgent problem of ensuring the required Quality of Service. Taking into account the current trends in the development of communication infrastructures and means of their automation, it seems relevant to build systems that implement a closed cycle of communication infrastructure resource management based on traditional and promising tools for monitoring and managing QoS and studying its behavior. Closing the control loop is achieved by implementing a control script that automatically responds to changes in the transmitted data and makes decisions about changing the current configuration of network devices. One of the approaches to building a closed control loop is to change the physical bandwidth of a virtual communication channel depending on the intensity of its resource use. The paper considers an example of the implementation of a closed control loop based on the rules of the policy for limiting the rate of sending packets of heterogeneous traffic and compares the approach of dynamic bandwidth redistribution with traditional approaches. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

First mock-up of the CBM STS module based on a new assembly concept

A molecular dynamics model has been developed to investigate the effect of the crystallographic orientation on the material deformation behaviors in nano- indentation/scratching of BCC iron. Two cases with different substrate orientations have been simulated. The orientations along x, y and z direction are [001], [100] and [010] for Case I and [111], [-1-12] and [1-10] for Case II, respectively. Case I and Case II exhibit different deformation patterns in the substrate. During indentation, the pile-up can be observed in Case I, but not in Case II. During scratching the pile-up ahead of the movement of the indenter has been enlarged in Case I, while a chip with the disordered atoms is generated in Case II. It has been found that Case I has both higher hardness and larger coefficient of friction. The ratios of the hardness and the coefficient of friction between cases I and II are nearly 2. The reason is attributed to the different crystallographic orientations used in both cases

Attributive portrait of human’s internal qualities in Russian and Chinese linguistic culture

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the attributive portrait of human’s internal qualities in Russian and Chinese linguistic culture via analysis of language material; comparison; methods of classification, generalization, and differentiation. As a result, when a person is calm, fluid, flexible in his actions, it indicates his sensitivity and therefore impartiality. In conclusion, in Russian linguacultural there are more units with a positive assessment of the individua

Mediators and biomarkers of inflammation in meningitis: Cytokine and peptidome profiling of cerebrospinal fluid

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis is an urgent problem of the modern clinical medicine. Early and accurate detection of meningitis etiology largely determines the strategy of its treatment and significantly increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome for the patient. In the present work, we analyzed the peptidome and cytokine profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 patients with meningitis of bacterial and viral etiology and of 20 neurologically healthy controls. In addition to the identified peptides (potential biomarkers), we found significant differences in the cytokine status of the CSF of the patients. We found that cut-off of 100 pg/ml of IL-1β, TNF, and GM-CSF levels discriminates bacterial and viral meningitis with 100% specificity and selectivity. We demonstrated for the first time the reduction in the level of two cytokines, IL-13 and GM-CSF, in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis in comparison with the controls. The decrease in GM-CSF level in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis can be explained by a disproportionate increase in the levels of cytokines IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4, which inhibit the GM-CSF expression, whereas IL-1, IL-6, and TNF activate it. These observations suggest an additional approach for differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis based on the normalized ratio IL-10/IL-1β and IL-10/TNF > 1, as well as on the ratio IFN-γ/IL-1β and IFN-γ/ TNF < 0.1. Our findings extend the panel of promising clinical and diagnostic biomarkers of viral and bacterial meningitis and reveal opposite changes in the cytokine expression in meningitis due to compensatory action of proand antiinflammatory factors

2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Treatment of Endothelial Cells Induces Autophagy by Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process activated in response to stresses such as energy deprivation and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which energy deprivation and oxidative stress trigger autophagy remain undefined. Here, we report that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for autophagy in cultured endothelial cells. AMPK activity, ROS levels, and the markers of autophagy were monitored in confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) treated with the glycolysis blocker 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Treatment of BAEC with 2-DG (5 mM) for 24 hours or with low concentrations of H2O2 (100 µM) induced autophagy, including increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I to LC3-II, accumulation of GFP-tagged LC3 positive intracellular vacuoles, and increased fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. 2-DG-treatment also induced AMPK phosphorylation, which was blocked by either co-administration of two potent anti-oxidants (Tempol and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine) or overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 or catalase in BAEC. Further, 2-DG-induced autophagy in BAEC was blocked by overexpressing catalase or siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK. Finally, pretreatment of BAEC with 2-DG increased endothelial cell viability after exposure to hypoxic stress. Thus, AMPK is required for ROS-triggered autophagy in endothelial cells, which increases endothelial cell survival in response to cell stress

The Nrf1 CNC-bZIP Protein Is Regulated by the Proteasome and Activated by Hypoxia

BACKGROUND: Nrf1 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 subunit-related factor 1) is a transcription factor mediating cellular responses to xenobiotic and pro-oxidant stress. Nrf1 regulates the transcription of many stress-related genes through the electrophile response elements (EpREs) located in their promoter regions. Despite its potential importance in human health, the mechanisms controlling Nrf1 have not been addressed fully. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that proteasomal inhibitors MG-132 and clasto-lactacystin-β-lactone stabilized the protein expression of full-length Nrf1 in both COS7 and WFF2002 cells. Concomitantly, proteasomal inhibition decreased the expression of a smaller, N-terminal Nrf1 fragment, with an approximate molecular weight of 23 kDa. The EpRE-luciferase reporter assays revealed that proteasomal inhibition markedly inhibited the Nrf1 transactivational activity. These results support earlier hypotheses that the 26 S proteasome processes Nrf1 into its active form by removing its inhibitory N-terminal domain anchoring Nrf1 to the endoplasmic reticulum. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Nrf1 is ubiquitinated and that proteasomal inhibition increased the degree of Nrf1 ubiquitination. Furthermore, Nrf1 protein had a half-life of approximately 5 hours in COS7 cells. In contrast, hypoxia (1% O(2)) significantly increased the luciferase reporter activity of exogenous Nrf1 protein, while decreasing the protein expression of p65, a shorter form of Nrf1, known to act as a repressor of EpRE-controlled gene expression. Finally, the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid activated Nrf1 reporter activity, while the latter was repressed by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data suggests that Nrf1 is controlled by several post-translational mechanisms, including ubiquitination, proteolytic processing and proteasomal-mediated degradation as well as by its phosphorylation status