Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new beginner adaptive swimming model for children with Down syndrom

Chebotarsky, A. G.

Klimova, V. K.

Noroshkina, G. N.

Strelkova, Y. A.

DSpace at Belgorod State University

46 Theory and Practice of Physical Culture  |  teoriya.ru  |  April  № 4 2021Beginner adaptive swimming model for psychophysical progress of children with down syndromeCorresponding author:  klimova@bsu.edu.ruApplicant G.N. Noroshkina1PhD, Associate Professor V.K. Klimova1PhD, Associate Professor Y.A. Strelkova1A.G. Chebotarsky11Belgorod State National Research University, BelgorodBackground. Modern theoretical and practical publications and analyses of the Down-syndrome-related health disorders give reasons to qualify peo-ple with Down syndrome with a special health group [1, 2]. Clinics diagnose congenital hypotonia, joint hypermobility, impaired balance and spatial controls, proprioceptive data flow processing disorders and im-pairments of the key motor skills that tend to evolve into wrong motor stereotypes [3, 6, 8, 9]. The motor dysfunctions provoke concomitant diseases including instability of the cervical vertebrae, cardiac defects, impaired vision and hearing, and immune system dis-orders.Adaptive physical education methods are com-monly ranked among the most efficient tools for the underage psychophysical development correction services. Psychophysical progress is known to be directly correlated with the child’s primary research activity since the adapted physical education models facilitate the brain formation and development pro-cess [5]. Every child with Down syndrome needs an individualized training service with special corrective UDC   796.012.2ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTAbstractObjective of the study was to analyze benefits of an ontokinesiological knowledgebase building professional pObjective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new beginner adaptive swimming model for children with Down syndrome.Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the new adaptive swimming model testing experiment the 9-12 year-olds with Down syndrome (n=20: 6 girls and 14 boys) and trained them for two years by 60min adaptive swimming sessions 3 times a week. We used the following research methods: theoretical and practical research data analyses and generalizations; family interviews; training process observations; and psychophysical progress tests. The new three-stage multilevel adaptive swimming training model included modern aquatic rehabilitation and aquatic aerobics elements and other special exercises. The adaptive swimming trainings were reasonably customized to the individual health conditions and progress needs to encourage good progress of every child.Results and conclusion. The new beginner adaptive swimming model for children with Down syndrome was tested beneficial as verified by the actual progress of the sample, with every child making success in the trainings. The psychophysical progress was associated with progresses in the movement coordination and speed-strength skills. We have good reasons to conclude that the aquatic rehabilitation and special adaptive swimming practices are ben-eficial for psychophysical and cognitive performance correction goals with special socialization benefits to facilitate the children’s adaptation to social environments outside the swimming groups.Keywords:  Down syndrome, children, adaptive swimming, psychophysical development, adaptive physical edu-cation.47ww.teoriya.ruexercises. Modern aquatic rehabilitation and adap-tive swimming methods offer a wide range of versa-tile tools to physically activate children and encourage their physical progress on a positive motivational emo-tional background.Modern adaptive swimming sport records still men-tion no one Special Olympics, World and European champions among people with intellectual disabilities. In was only the 2017 World Swimming Championships (Mexico) that offered a few special events for compet-itors with Down syndrome; and Anastasia Petrova from Russia was successful in winning bronze in the 200m butterfly event.As reported by Tatyana Olkhovskaya, Russian Peo-ple with Intellectual Disabilities Sports Federation Di-rector, the global people with intellectual disabilities sport communities are still in need of standard training methods for children with Down syndrome [7]. One of the promising solutions is to mobilize the existing ex-periences and methods to build up a training database with an efficient training toolkit for people with Down syndrome [10].Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new beginner adaptive swimming model for children with Down syndrome.Methods and structure of the study. We sam-pled for the new adaptive swimming model testing experiment the 9-12 year-olds with Down syndrome (n=20: 6 girls and 14 boys) and trained them for two years by 60min adaptive swimming sessions 3 times a week. We used the following research methods: theoretical and practical research data analyses and generalizations; interviews; training process observa-tions; and psychophysical progress tests. The pro-gress was tested by (1) freestyle board swimming; (2) backstroke board swimming; (3) underwater breath control; (4) chest asterisk floating; (5) back asterisk floating; (6) jump to the pool; (7) breath-controlling board swimming; (8) longitudinal “screw” rotation; (9) 25m backstroke; (10) 25m freestyle; (11) exercises on commands; and (12) counted repetitions tests. The individual progress test scores were recorded in the personal diaries as follows: tests 1-3: able/ un-able; tests 4-8 were scored by 0 to 3 points, with a refusal scored by 0 point; instructor-assisted execu-tion scored by 1 point; execution with technical errors scored by 2 points; and error-free execution scored by 3 points; tests 9-10 were scored by distance times; and tests 11-12 were scored by 0-2 points, with a re-fusal scored by 0; occasional execution by 1 point; and good counted execution scored by 2 points.Results and discussion. Having interviewed the families, we found only 2 children out of 20 having ba-sic swimming skills and 2 more having some aquatic practicing experiences, with all the others being new-comers to the pool. The families were found virtually unaware of the health benefits of aquatic rehabilitation methods, with most of them having no idea of the ed-ucational and developmental benefits of the modern adaptive swimming service and actual progress needs and resources of their children. Given in Table 1 here-under are the progress test data of the sample.As demonstrated by the above Table, the arithmetic mean test scores of the sample grew a few times in the post- versus pre-experimental tests – e.g. an eightfold progress was fixed in the screw rotation test. Given on Figure 1 hereunder is the visualized pre- versus post-experimental test data. It should be emphasized that every child in the sample was tested with a significant individual progress.The progress tests and observations showed that children with Down syndrome are quite trainable, with 90% of the sample demonstrating success in the ba-sic swimming skills mastering process. Our analyses of the age-specific progress test data found no cor-relation between ages and actual progresses, with the qualitative changes and progress rates apparently more dependent on the individual characteristics. This finding should not be interpreted as a contraindica-tion for early adaptive swimming trainings as it is never too late to for the children with Down syndrome to join adaptive swimming groups.ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTTable 1. Pre- versus post-experimental test data of the sample Chest asterisk floatingBack asterisk floatingJump to the pool Breath-controlled board swimmingLongitudinal “screw’ rotationTest Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre PostM, points 0,9 2,0 1 2.6 0,7 2.0 0,4 2,2 0,2 1,6Note: tests were scored by 0 to 3 points, with a refusal scored by 0 points; instructor-assisted execution scored by 1 point; technically deficient execution scored by 2 points; and an error-free execution scored by 3 points; М – arithmetic mean48 Theory and Practice of Physical Culture  |  teoriya.ru  |  April  № 4 2021Figure 1. Pre- (blue) versus post-experimental (red) individual successes (headcount): 1 – 25 m backstroke; 2- 25 m freestyle; 3- exercise on com-mand; 4- counted repetitions; 5- standing long jump; and 6- gymnastic ladder climbing testsConclusion. The new beginner adaptive swim-ming model for children with Down syndrome was tested beneficial as verified by the actual progress of the sample, with every child making success in the trainings. As things now stand, the sample eas-ily swims 25m and continues trainings in an inclusive health-improving swimming group with the healthy peers. This fact demonstrates benefits of the new adaptive swimming model for socialization of children with Down syndrome and their psychophysical pro-gress agendas.The study was sponsored by the Russian Funda-mental Research Foundation’s grant #19-013-00133 for the “Age-specific individual motor progress facili-tated by varied PE services: comprehensive research” project.References1. Evseev S.P., Evseeva O.E., Shevtsov A.V. Deter-mination and rating of endurance of disabled people. Adaptivnaya fizicheskaya kultura. 2016. No. 1 (65). pp. 25-32.2. Evseev S.P., Evseeva O.E., Chernaya A.I. et al. Determination and rating of speed capabilities of disabled people. Adaptivnaya fizicheskaya kultura. 2016.no. 1 (65). pp. 23-25.3. Evseev S.P. Theory and organization of adaptive physical education. Moscow: Sport publ., 2016. 616 p.4. Evseev S.P., Vishnyakova Y.Y., Evseeva O.E. Set-ting principles, approaches and ways of elabo-ration of intellectually disabled sport section of Unified All-Russian Sports Classification. Adap-tivnaya fizicheskaya kultura. 2016. No. 1 (65). pp. 40-49.5. Lauteslager P. Motor development of young children with Down syndrome. Problems and solutions. Moscow: Monolit publ., 2003. 356 p.6. Naboychenko E.S. Psychophysical capabilities of persons with Down syndrome and conditions for their participation in Paralympic sports. Ped-agogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii. 2015. No. 5. pp. 146-151.7. Olkhovskaya T.I., Sudakov P.K. Features of adaptive swimming for persons with intellectual disabilities. Proc. interregional research- practi-cal seminar Belgorod: Pravda publ., 2019. pp. 23-28.8. Pleshakov A.N. Study of physical development and motor function of auxiliary school children and correctional work at physical education lessons. PhD diss. abstract. St. Petersburg, 2005.21 p.9. Chelysheva M.V., Uryadnitskaya N.A. Early as-sistance program design based on development profile. Sindrom Dauna XXI vek, 2008. No. 1. pp. 12-19.10. Grosse S.J. Water freedom for all: The Halliwick Method. IJAR: 2010. 199-207 [Electronic re-source] Available at: http://www.bmsi.ru/issue/ WinDjView.492304c1-2d98-4e02-b2cf-0e3fb-1c4d02e.ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

Beginner adaptive swimming model for psychophysical progress of children with down syndrome

http://dspace.bsu.edu.ru/bitstream/123456789/52138/1/Klimova_Beginner.pdf

Beginner adaptive swimming model for psychophysical progress of children with down syndrome

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

DSpace at Belgorod State University