Behaviour of Magnetized Strange Quark Matter in f(R,T) Theory for General Kantowski-Sachs Model

In this study, we have investigated the behavior of magnetized strange quark matter (MSQM) in f(R,T) gravity for LRS Bianchi I, Bianchi III and Kantowski-Sachs (GKS) universe models with cosmological term. For the solutions of modified field equations, we have used linearly varying deceleration parameter (LVDP), anisotropy parameter and equation of state for strange quark matter. When the models goes to the isotropy magnetic field only occurs in Bianchi III and Kantowski-Sachs universe models. When trarr%253Binfin%253B, strange quark matter distribution behaves like dark energy. The K(theta%253B) parameter, which allows us to obtain different universe models, is effective on the magnetic field, cosmological term and f(R,T) function. In addition, the graphics of the obtained results were examined in detail

Effects of different irrigation methods and irrigation regimes on cotton fiber quality in Aydın province

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 1998,1999 ve 2000 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, pamukta farklı sulama yöntemi ve su düzeylerinin kütlü kalitesi özellikleri (lif inceliği, lif uzunluğu, lif mukavemeti, çırçır randımanı ve 100 tohum ağırlığı) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, üç tekerrürlü ve iki faktörlü split plot deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Denemelerde uzun tava, karık ve damla olmak üzere üç sulama yöntemiyle, her sulamada bitki etkili kök derinliğindeki eksik nemin %100, %66, %33'ünün karşılandığı sulama konularının üç su düzeyi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada sulamalar, pamuk bitkisinin sulama yönünden kritik olarak kabul edilen tarak oluşumu, çiçeklenme, koza oluşumu ve kozaların açılmaya başlama dönemi olmak üzere dört dönemde yapılmıştır. Kalite özellikleri kullanılarak yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, gerek sulama yöntemi gerekse su düzeyinin, her üç yılda da lif mukavemeti, lif uzunluğu, çırçır randımanı ve 100 tohum ağırlığı üzerine etkisinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada konulara uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı 181.0 mm - 798.6 mm arasında değişmiştir. Diğer taraftan elde edilen bitki su tüketimi değerleri ise 357.0 mm -1037.7 mm arasında değişmiştir.This research was conducted to determine the effect of different irrigation methods and levels on quality parameters (fiber thickness, fiber lenght, fiber strenght, fiber percentage and 100 seed weight) of cotton in the Research andApplication Farm of Faculty ofAgriculture atAdnan Menderes University during the years of 1998, 1999 and 2000. Experiment was setup in split plot design with two factors and three replications. In the trials, three irrigation methods (border, furrow and trickle) and three irrigation levels (% 100,%66, %33), that covers of the deficient moisture in the crop root zone were investigated. In this study, the application of irrigation were done an four specific growth stages which are very sensitive to water stres of cotton ; bud formation, flowering , boll formation and opennig of boll stages. According to the research results, irrigation methods and irrigation levels were both significantly affected the fiber strenght, fiber lenght, fiber percentage and 100 seed weight in three years. The amounts of applied irrigation water ranged between 181.0 - 798.6 mm. Seasonal water consumption values ranged between 357.0mm and 1037.7mmin irrigation treatments

Water-yield relationship of cotton ırrigated by sprinkler method under Aydın plain conditions

Aydın Ovası koşullarında 1999-2000 yıllarında yürütülen bu araştırmada, yağmurlama sulama yöntemiyle sulanan pamuğun su-verim fonksiyonlarının elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada tekil lateral yağmurlama sistemi kullanılarak farklı sulama düzeyleri (% 100, % 66, % 33) oluşturulmuştur. Sulamalar pamuk bitkisinin sulama yönünden kritik olarak kabul edilen tarak oluşumu, çiçeklenme, meyve bağlama ve kozaların açılmaya başlama dönemi olmak üzere 4 dönemde yapılmıştır. Denemede ortalama en yüksek verim 407 kg/da ile büyüme mevsimi boyunca su eksikliği olmayan K10 konusundan sağlanmıştır. En az su alan K12 konusunda ise ortalama pamuk kütlü verimi (366 kg/da) en az olmuştur. Konulara ve sulama düzeylerine bağlı olarak 167-666 mm arasında değişen miktarlarda sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Mevsimlik su tüketimi ise 459-974 mm arasında değişmiştir. Bitki su tüketimi ile verim arasında doğrusal bir ilişki elde edilmiştir. Toplam su kullanım randımanı değerleri, 0.493-0.766 kg/da/mm arasında hesaplanmıştır. Oransal bitki su tüketimi eksikliği ile oransal verim azalması arasındaki ilişkiden elde edilen verim azalma oranı (k) toplam büyüme mevsimi için 0.25 olarak belirlenmiştir.The aim of this research is to determine cotton water-yield functions irrigated by sprinkler irrigation method underAydın Plain conditions during the years of 1999-2000. Different irrigation levels (100 %, 66 %, 33 %) were created using a line source sprinkler irrigation system. The applications of four irrigation were done at specific growth stages, which are very sensitive to water stres of cotton; bud formation, flowering, boll formation and opening of boll stages in growing season. The highest average yield with 407 kg/da was obtained from the nonstressed treatment (K ) during the growing season. The lowest yield with 366 kg/da was obtained from the lowest irrigated treatment (K ). Irrigation water was applied ranging from 167 to 666 mm depending on the treatments and irrigation levels. Seasonal evapotranspiration values varied between 459 and 974 mm. A linear relationship between the seasonal evapotranspiration and the yield was determined.Water use efficiency values were between 0.493 and 0.766 kg/da/mm. The yield response factor (k ) was 0.25 in the relationship between the relative evapotranspiration deficit and the relative yield reduction for total growing season

Rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diarrhea is the third leading cause of death related to infectious diseases all over the world. The diseases related to viral gastroenteritis are gradually increasing, particularly in the developed countries. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and to investigate the clinical manifestations of acute rotavirus and adenovirus gatroenteritis and to assess the diagnostic value of the related clinical findings.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In 2007-2008 patients with diarrhea and/or vomiting attended to Yeditepe University Hospital and related clinics, Istanbul, were studied. The rotavirus and/or adenovirus antigen in stool of these patients were investigated. Data regarding clinical findings were collected from the electronic records, retrospectively. Age, gender, symptoms, fever, antibiotic use, vomiting, number of vomiting and diarrhaeae, dehydration, abdominal pain, the other pathological physical examination findings were analyzed by the physicians in the study group. To investigate the rotavirus and adenovirus antigen CerTest Rota-Adeno Blister Test (CerTest, Biotec, Spain), a qualitative immunochromotographic assay was used. Statistical analysis wasperformed with SPSS v. 11,5 statistical software. X²test was used for bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Rotavirus positivity was 18,7% (n = 126). Concomitantly, in 596 cases adenovirus antigen test were also performed. Adenovirus positivity was 8,9% (n = 53) and rota-adenovirus co-infection was 4,4% (n = 26). Most of rotavirus positive cases were seen in December, January, February and March (p < 0.001). In clinical parameters, there was a significant difference between rotavirus positive cases and negative cases regarding to vomiting, dehydration and vomiting and diarrhea coexistence (respectively p = 0.010, p < 0.00, p = 0.007).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Rotavirus can be seen in all age groups, but more frequently in childhood. Although there is no clinical gold standard to distinguish the rotavirus cases from the other gastroenteritis agents, the findings of dehydration and vomiting-diarrhea coexistence, considering months of referral may lead clinician to perform rapid antigen tests and affect approach to the treatment. Prospective studies with representative samples are needed to determine the rotavirus and adenovirus incidence and to develop safe and reliable protective policies in our country.</p

Surgical technique: transduodenal T-Tube technic for periampullary retroperitoneal perforation due to the endoscopic sphincterotomy

Endoskopik retrograd kolanjiopankreatografi (ERCP) profesyonelleşmek için uzun bir öğrenme eğrisi bulunan ileri endoskopik tekniktir. ERCP işleminde standart endoskopik tekniklere göre ciddi komplikasyonlar gelişme riski daha yüksektir. Perforasyon ERCP’nin nadir ancak en korkulan ve en fazla mortalite ile ilişkili olan komplikasyonlarından birisidir. Endoskopik sfinkterotomi (ES) prosedüre eklendiğinde %0.3’ten %1’e varan oranlarda perforasyon gelişmektedir ve bu hastalar da %16-18 oranla mortal seyretmektedir. Perforasyon ile operasyon arasında ge- çen süre mortalite ile ilişkili önemli bir faktördür. Geciken cerrahilerde mortalite önemli ölçüde artmaktadır. ERCP’ye bağlı perforasyonlarda standart bir cerrahi yaklaşım bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada ERCP nedenli periampullar retroperitoneal perforasyon gelişen hastalardaki deneyimimiz nedeniyle ERCP perforasyonlarına cerrahi yaklaşımımızı aktarmayı amaçladık.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an advanced endoscopic technique which has a long learning curve to develop proficiency and higher potential for serious complications than any other standard endoscopic technique. Perforation is a rare but one of the most feared complications complication of (ERCP), but it is surely associated with mortality. When endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) added to procedure perforation occurs in 0.3% to 1% of patients, and that carries a mortality rate of 16% to 18%. The interval between the perforation and the operation is of great significance. The mortality rate increases dramatically with late surgical management. There is no standard surgical approach to perforations related with ERCP. In this study we present our experience for surgical management of ERCP-related periampullary retroperitoneal perforations

Effects of different ırrigation ıntervals and levels on fiber quality and some yield characteristics of cotton

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, pamukta farklı sulama aralığı ve düzeylerinin bazı verim özellikleri (bitki boyu, koza sayısı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, çırçır randımanı) ile lif kalitesi (lif inceliği, lif uzunluğu, lif mukavemeti,) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma üç tekerrürlü ve iki faktörlü tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Denemelerde 4 ve 8 gün aralıklarında A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından oluşan birikimli buharlaşmanın % 33, % 67 ve % 100’ünün karşılandığı üç farklı damla sulama rejimi incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, gerek sulama aralığı gerekse de sulama düzeyi çırçır randımanı ve lif mukavemeti dışında diğer tüm verim komponentleri ile lif kalite özellikleri üzerine önemli düzeyde etkili olmuştur. Her iki sulama aralığında en yüksek sulama suyu % 100 konusuna uygulanmıştır. Mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi değerleri 2003 yılında 313 mm-650 mm arasında değişirken 2004 yılında 249 mm-603 mm arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek ve en düşük kütlü verimi sırasıyla 8 gün sulama aralığında yer alan %100 ve % 33 konularından ortalama 5508 kg ha-1 ve 3419 kg ha-1 olarak elde edilmiştir.This research was conducted to determine the effect of different irrigation intervals and levels on some yield parameters (plant height, number of bolls per plant, 100 seed weight, lint percentage) and fiber quality parameters (fiber thickness, fiber length, fiber strength) of cotton in the Research and Application Farm of Faculty of Agriculture at Adnan Menderes University during the years of 2003 and 2004. Experiment was set up out in randomized plot design with two factors and three replications. Trials comprised of two irrigation intervals (4-day and 8-day) and three different drip irrigation regimes (100, 67 and 33 % of cumulative Class-A pan evaporation on a 4-day and 8-day basis) were investigated. According to the research results, both irrigation intervals and irrigation levels significantly influenced the yield components and fiber quality parameters, except lint percentage and fiber strength. The highest irrigation water level was applied to the full irrigation treatment (100 %) for both irrigation intervals. Seasonal water use values in the treatments varied from 313 mm to 650 mm in 2003 and 249 mm to 603 mm in 2004. Maximum and minimum seed cotton yield were obtained from the 8-day 100 % and 8-day 33 % treatments as averaging 5508 kg ha-1 and 3419 kg ha-1, respectively

Determination of crop water stress index (CWSI) of second crop corn in a semiarid climate

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the canopy-air temperature differential and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which can be used to quantify the crop water stress index (CWSI) under fully irrigated ( 100 %) and maximum water stress (0 %) conditions of furrow irrigated corn. The effects of five different irrigation levels (100, 70, 50, 30 and 0 % replenishment of soil water depleted from the 0.90 m soil profile depth) on corn yields and the resulting CWSI were investigated. The highest yield and total water use were obtained under fully irrigated corn plots (100 % replenishment of soil water depleted). The trends in CWSI values were consistent with the soil water content induced by deficit irrigation. CWSI increased with increased soil water deficit. An average CWSI of 0.22 before irrigation time provided the highest grain corn yield. The yield was directly correlated with seasonal mean CWSI values and a second order polynomial equation “Y = 59258CWSI2 -72051CWSI +24060” can be used to predict the grain yield of corn as a second crop under the semiarid climate

Efficacy of subsequent treatments in patients with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer who had disease progression under CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy

Background: There is no standard treatment recommended at category 1 level in international guidelines for subsequent therapy after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6) based therapy. We aimed to evaluate which subsequent treatment oncologists prefer in patients with disease progression under CDKi. In addition, we aimed to show the effectiveness of systemic treatments after CDKi and whether there is a survival difference between hormonal treatments (monotherapy vs. mTOR-based). Methods: A total of 609 patients from 53 centers were included in the study. Progression-free-survivals (PFS) of subsequent treatments (chemotherapy (CT, n:434) or endocrine therapy (ET, n:175)) after CDKi were calculated. Patients were evaluated in three groups as those who received CDKi in first-line (group A, n:202), second-line (group B, n: 153) and ≥ 3rd-line (group C, n: 254). PFS was compared according to the use of ET and CT. In addition, ET was compared as monotherapy versus everolimus-based combination therapy. Results: The median duration of CDKi in the ET arms of Group A, B, and C was 17.0, 11.0, and 8.5 months in respectively; it was 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 months in the CT arm. Median PFS after CDKi was 9.5 (5.0–14.0) months in the ET arm of group A, and 5.3 (3.9–6.8) months in the CT arm (p = 0.073). It was 6.7 (5.8–7.7) months in the ET arm of group B, and 5.7 (4.6–6.7) months in the CT arm (p = 0.311). It was 5.3 (2.5–8.0) months in the ET arm of group C and 4.0 (3.5–4.6) months in the CT arm (p = 0.434). Patients who received ET after CDKi were compared as those who received everolimus-based combination therapy versus those who received monotherapy ET: the median PFS in group A, B, and C was 11.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.047), 6.7 vs. 5.0 (p = 0.164), 6.7 vs. 3.9 (p = 0.763) months. Conclusion: Physicians preferred CT rather than ET in patients with early progression under CDKi. It has been shown that subsequent ET after CDKi can be as effective as CT. It was also observed that better PFS could be achieved with the subsequent everolimus-based treatments after first-line CDKi compared to monotherapy ET.Breast Cancer Consortiu

Determination of the Level of Emergency Medicine Resident Physicians to Recognize the Electrocardiography Findings

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy and reliability of the interpretation of electrocardiography (ECG) findings by emergency medicine resident physicians (EMPs) and to provide training recommendations in line with emerging deficiencies. Material and Methods: This research depended on the data from a questionnaire that we conducted among EMPs in Ankara. The survey included multiple-choice questions, selected through conceived cases presented in major textbooks or congresses. EMP ECG assessment levels were compared according to the duration of residency education and the presence of ECG education. The data were evaluated by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 112 volunteers participated. Mean age was 29.6±4.4; also, 47 were female and 65 were male. When all of the questions were taken into account, the mean number of total correct answers was higher for those who had received ECG training than who had not received it, those who underwent more training than those who underwent less training, and those whose duration of assistantship was longer than those whose duration was shorter. Conclusion: The results of our study revealed that the evaluation of ECG is improved by increasing clinical knowledge and training. Depending on these results, we suggest that effective and practical ECG courses and training programs should be organized for EMPs. (JAEM 2014; 13: 108-11

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision