The effects of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on routine antenatal care visits and complications of pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: Routine follow-up of pregnancy is a comprehensive care process starting from planning of pregnancy that involves rational and careful use of medical, psychological, and social support. In this study, our objective was to compare the adherence rate to routine antenatal follow-up program during the COVID-19 pandemic with that of previous years among pregnant women, in an effort to shed light on health policies to be developed similar events in the future. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out between March 11, 2019, when isolation measures were initiated in the context of precautionary steps taken in Turkey against the COVID-19 pandemic, and June 1, 2020, when the "normalization" was initiated. RESULTS: During the study period in 2020, the proportion of cesarean sections were higher, 61.1%, as compared to previous years (p=0.27). The stillbirths were numerically lower (1.2%, p=0.77), but the rate of spontaneous abortions was significantly higher (19.6%, p=0.009). The number of follow-up visits per pregnancy was lower than in previous years (3.8, p=0.02), although the proportion of patients visiting the outpatient units for regular controls to the overall patient group increased as compared to previous years (52.0%). CONCLUSION: During the flare-up of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. between March and June 2020), the rate of obstetric/neonatal morbidity and mortality except spontaneous abortion was not significantly higher as compared to the corresponding period in previous years. However, considering the potential increase in the risk of obstetric complications during a pandemic, specialized management programs targeting basic pregnancy follow-up services should be developed

Possibilities of solar energy of irrigation in orchards

Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Meyve Bahçesinin sulanmasında derin kuyudan elde edilen sulama suyunda kullanılan elektrik enerjisi yerine fotovoltaik enerjiden faydalanılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bölgenin iklim şartları dikkate alınarak bitkilerin sulama suyu ihtiyaçları, sulama aralığı ve uygulanması gereken sulama suyu miktarlarına bağlı olarak gerekli olan fotovoltaik (PV) sistem tasarlanarak maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Maliyet analizinde 30 yıllık süre için sulama suyunun maliyeti 0.06 TLm-3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yatırım maliyeti 9 029 TL olan sistem, sulama dışında yıllık 2 071.8 kWh elektrik enerji fazladan üretecektir. Üretilen enerji farklı amaçlar için kullanılabilir veya şebekeye verilerek 2014 fiyatlarıyla yaklaşık 621 TL ek gelir elde edilebilir. Alanın yıllık toplam sulama suyu ihtiyacı 5856.4 mm'dir. Sulama suyu miktarının en fazla olduğu Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında güneşlenme süresine göre ihtiyaç duyulan sulama suyu miktarı 2 ls-1 ’dir.In this study, was aimed to benefit from photovoltaic energy instead used electricity in irrigation water obtained from deep wells for irrigation of the Faculty of Agriculture Orchards Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. In this context, is made cost analysis designed photovoltaic systems according to the irrigation water requirements of plants, the irrigation interval and given the required amount of irrigation water considering climatic conditions. In the cost analysis, was calculated as 0.06 TLm-3 cost of water for 30 years. The system which investment costs 9029 TL will generate outside watering additional annual 2071.8 kWh of electricity. The energy generated can be used for different purposes or by selling about can be obtained additional revenue 621 TL with price 2014 years. The total annual irrigation water requirements of the area is 5856.4 mm. The amount of irrigation water is 2 ls-1 in the July and August which months have the highest need of irrigation

2,2-Bis(2-Formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-Bis(Spiro(2',2''-Dioxy-1',1''-Bifenilil))Siklotrifosfazenin Schiff bazı türevlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Hekzaklorosiklotrifosfazen (1) ile 2,2'-bifenol argon atmosferinde reaksiyona sokularak 2,2'-dikloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (2) bileşiği elde edildi. 2 bileşiği 2-hidroksibenzaldehit ile K2CO3’lı ortamda etkileştirilerek 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği elde edildi. Elde edilen 3 bileşiği aromatik primer aminlerle (Ar-NH2 veya Ar-CH2-NH2) etkileştirilerek Schiff Bazı taşıyan siklotrifosfazen bileşikleri (4-11) elde edildi. 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği sırasıyla 4-metoksibenzilamin, 2-klorobenzilamin, 4-klorobenzilamin, R-(+)-1-(2-naftil)etilamin, 2-hidrosifenilamin, 4-hidrosifenilamin, 4-nitrilfenilamin, 2-fenilfenilamin, 2-amino-4-klorofenol ve 2-aminopirimidin-kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünlerin yapıları FT-IR, (1H, 13C, 31P) NMR ve elementel analiz ile aydınlatıldı.In this study, hexachlorocylotriphosphazene (1) was reacted with biphenyl-2,2'-diol. From this reaction, 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (2) was obtained. Since hexachlorocylotriphosphazene is sensitive to air and moisture, experimental studies were carried out at without air and moisture in argon atmosphere. 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) was synthesized from the reaction of (2) with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff Base containing compounds (4-13) were synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) with 4-methoxy benzylamine, 2-chloro-benzylamine, 4-chlorobenzylamine, 2-naphthylethylamine, 2-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-nitrilephenylamine, 2-phenylphenylamine, 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenylamine and 2-aminopyrimidine respectively. The structures of the compounds were characterized by FT-IR, (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis

The Prevalence of Exposure to Violence Among Healthcare Professionals in Adana and Their Opinion on Violence in Health

Objective:Workplace violence is an important source of problem for employees worldwide. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of exposure to violence among healthcare professionals, the type of violence they experienced and influencing occupational features, and to determine the healthcare professionals’ opinion about the causes of violence and the potential measures to be taken against violence in health.Methods:A 37-question survey was performed in 598 medical doctors and 357 healthcare assistants including nurses as well in Adana, Turkey. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 25.0 program was used for the statistical analysis of study data.Results:Of the 955 healthcare professionals participated in the study, 48.5% were male and 51.5% were female, and 85.9% have been subjected to violence at least once in their professional lifetime. The most common type of violence was psychological or verbal attack, which stated to be most frequently committed by the patient relatives and by male gender. Male healthcare workers were exposed to statistically significantly more physical violence. There was statistically significant correlation between the number of patients healthcare professionals dealt with in a day and the rate of exposure to violence. It was found that those who had been exposed to physical violence filed a complaint more than those who had been subjected to other forms of violence.Conclusion:High rates of violent behavior against healthcare workers are at worrying levels indicating that violence in health is a critical problem. Solution of this problem requires all parties’, primarily the health policy makers’ undertaking important tasks

Potential of cottonseed oil as fish oil replacer in European Sea Bass feed formulation

Triplicate groups of 20 European sea bass (35 g) were fed five diets in which the added lipid was 100% fish oil (FO), 40% (CSO40), 60% (CSO60), 80% (CSO80) and 100% (CSO100) refined cottonseed oil (CSO), for a period of 120 days. Overall fish growth, feed conversion ratio and protein utilization were unaffected by dietary treatment, but hepatosomatic and visceral fat indexes increased with increasing dietary CSO. Fillet fatty acid composition of total lipids reflected the fatty acids in the test diets. The monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in fillet of fish fed diet FO, CSO40 and CSO60 compared to other treatments while saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not affected by the dietary treatment. Some fatty acids (18:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) were present in higher concentration in fillet lipid than in the CSO100 dietary lipid indicating accumulation in fillet relative to test diets. Retention of n-3 LC-PUFA within the fillet was increasingly inefficient among fish fed increasing levels of FO. Thus, this study suggests that CSO can be considered as a relatively effective substitute for fish oil in European sea bass (35 g) in terms of growth performances and feed efficiency as far as fish meal is present in the diet

The evaluation of the serum brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women and its potential relationship with mean arterial blood pressure

Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations and blood pressure levels by comparing serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and to assess its potential role in the preeclampsia pathogenesis. Methods A total of 48 preeclamptic and 39 normotensive patients were included in the study prospectively. Systolic diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the pregnant women were measured. Serum BNP concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay method. The variable differences between the groups were analyzed by independent samples t-test. Potential correlations between the variables were assessed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results There was no difference between the groups in terms of age (26.18±11.49 years vs. 26.04±14.06 years), gestational age (31.59± 6.94 weeks vs. 30.17±5.72 weeks), parity (2.62±1.4 vs. 2.53±1.82) and body mass index (30.71±16.33 kg/m2 vs. 30.09±13.82 kg/m2) (p>0.05). Systolic (148.66± 61.82 mmHg vs. 126.44±97.47 mmHg; p=0.015), diastolic (81.19±52.25 mmHg vs. 97.29±14.27 mmHg; p=0.019) and mean arterial pressure (113.97±41.76 mmHg vs. 96.26±27.25 mmHg; p<0.001) levels were higher in the pregnant women complicated with preeclampsia. In addition, serum BNP concentrations were also higher in the preeclamptic pregnant women than the control group (139.42±62.19 pg/mL vs. 99.28±19.32 pg/mL; p=0.028). BNP levels were significantly associated with only mean arterial pressure (b=0.241, p=0.037). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between BNP levels and mean arterial pressure (r=0.406, p=0.002). Conclusion We recommend further prospective studies with wider populations to assess whether BNP levels, which increase in preeclampsia, are associated with blood pressure levels or not

Visceral Leishmaniasis Mimicking Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overlap

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening infection caused by Leishmania species. In addition to typical clinical findings as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cachexia, VL is associated with autoimmune phenomena. To date, VL mimicking or exacerbating various autoimmune diseases have been described, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Herein, we presented a patient with VL who had overlapping clinical features with SLE, AIH, as well as antimitochondrial antibody (AMA-M2) positive primary biliary cirrhosis