The impacts of research and development expenses on export and economic growth

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of research and development expenses on export and economic growth. Within this scope, annual data of 28 European Union member countries for the periods between 1996 and 2014 was taken into the consideration. Additionally, Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality analysis was used in this study to achieve this objective. First of all, Im, Pesaran and Shin and Levin, Lin & Chu panel unit root tests were used to understand whether the variables are stationary or not. As a result of these tests, it was defined that the variable of economic growth is stationary whereas other two variables (export and R&D) are not. According to the results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality analysis, it was determined that there is not a significant relationship between economic growth and R&D. On the other hand, it was concluded that there is a causality relationship from export to R&D expenses. This situation shows that EU member countries, which have higher export amount, give more importance to R&D in order to improve themselves.peer-reviewe

Determining Influencing Factors of Unemployment in Turkey with MARS Method

Higher unemployment rate is the problem of most of the countries in the world. Because of this situation, these countries try to make many actions in order to decrease unemployment rate. However, to make such a recommendation, first of all, the reasons of the unemployment should be analyzed. Within this framework, the aim of this study is to identify the factors which influence unemployment in Turkey. For this purpose, quarterly data for the periods between 2003 and 2016 is evaluated with MARS method. It is concluded that economic growth negatively affects unemployment in Turkey. Another result of this study is that higher inflation rates negatively affect unemployment rate. The last conclusion of this analysis is that interest rate has a positive influence on the unemployment rate. While considering these results, it is recommended that economic performance of the country should be improved and interest rates should be declined to decrease unemployment rate in Turkey. Another recommendation is that implementations, which are aimed to decrease inflation rate, should be controlled carefully because any implementation which aims to decrease inflation rate causes unemployment rate to increase

IT2-based fuzzy hybrid decision making approach to soft computing

WOS: 000459347800001This aims to evaluate the risk appetite of the financial investors in emerging economies using an integrated interval type-2 fuzzy model. For this purpose, eight different criteria are identified with the supporting literature. The interval type-2 fuzzy DEMAYEL approach is used to weight these criteria regarding the importance level. In addition, investors are classified into three different groups with respect to the risk appetite which are the aggressive/risk taker, moderate/risk neutral, and conservative/risk averse. Moreover, the interval type-2 fuzzy QUALIFLEX methodology is taken into consideration to rank these investor groups. The novelty of this paper is to propose a hybrid fuzzy decision-making approach to the investors' risk appetite based on the interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The findings show that aggressive investors play the most important role in emerging economies. Therefore, financial products, which offer high returns, should be developed to attract the attention of these aggressive investors. Owing to this aspect, it can be possible for emerging economies to improve their financial systems

Does Islamic Banking Contribute to Economic Growth and Industrial Development in Turkey?

This paper aims to identify the effects of Islamic banking on economic growth and industrial development in Turkey. For this purpose, quarterly data for the periods between 2005 and 2016 were taken into the consideration. Additionally, VAR Granger causality analysis was used in this study. It was concluded that Islamic banks\u27 loans do not have a significant effect on the improvement of economy and industry in Turkey. The main reason for this result is that Islamic banking has a very low percentage in Turkish banking sector. Thus, it can be said that Islamic banking in Turkey should be so developed that it can contribute to GDP growth and industrial development

Identifying causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in developed countries

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for developed countries. Within this context, annual data of 22 developed countries was examined by using Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality analysis. As a result, it was determined that that there is a bidirectional relationship between energy consumption and economic improvement for developed countries. This condition provides two different results. Firstly, energy consumption has an influence on economic development for these countries. While considering this result, it can be said that any limitation in energy consumption will restrict economic growth. Moreover, it was also concluded that level of economic growth is the main reason of energy consumption for developed countries. In other words, developed countries tend to have more energy consumption when their economies are growing.peer-reviewe

Balanced scorecard-based performance assessment of Turkish banking sector with the Analytic Network Process (ANP)

In the last decade, Performance assessment of banking sectors in advanced economies became a prominent issue investment decision. This paper aims to evaluate the balanced-scorecard-based performance of the Turkish banking sector using the Analytic Network Process Approach. Within this scope, all 33 deposit banks were intended to analyze out of 34 banks. Within this scope, we made an analysis in order to determine which perspectives of the balanced scorecard approach are appropriate for each type of bank (state banks, private banks, foreign banks). In this study, we used Analytic Network Process (ANP) approaches so as to achieve this objective. With a balanced-scorecard performance assessment of the banking sector using the ANP approach, all the factor priorities have been extracted and normalized to one for each cluster and final priorities have been obtained. The final priorities and rankings of each perspective of the balanced scorecard and the type of bank ownership have been assessed in the model. According to the results of the analysis, Findings demonstrate that (i) financial factor of balanced scorecard approach has the first rank with 65.7 percent; (ii) Customer perceptive is in the second rank with 22.1 percent. (iii)Third and fourth ranks have close results, (iv) learning and growth stay in the third rank with 6.3 percent (v) internal factor has the weakest importance with 5.9%, (vi) state banks into bank ownership have the highest rank with 53.9 percent, (vii) Private owned banks are the second in the relative performance of the bank groups with 36.1%, (viii) Balanced scorecard based performance of foreign banks are replaced in the last order with approximately 10%

Analysis of financial development and open innovation oriented fintech potential for emerging economies using an integrated decision-making approach of MF-X-DMA and golden cut bipolar q-ROFSs

The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors of financial development that have the greatest impact on open innovation in 7 emerging countries. The analysis was performed featuring the MF-X-DMA method, as well as its further verification for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The time period covers years from 2002 to 2020. The article states that the main indicators to improve financial development should enhance the process of bank lending and equity market development. An important area is the development of competition by providing equal access to information to all market participants in a continuously refining technical infrastructure. Regression analysis with the MF-X-DMA method confirms the statistical significance of this influence. The article fills the knowledge gap into the link between open innovations and the relatively low capitalization of the modern emerging countries’ financial market, low liquidity in small cap stocks at the financial market and concentration of the banking sector, as well as risks arising in the process of globalization. Another analysis has also been conducted by generating a novel fuzzy decision-making model. In the first stage, the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential are weighted for the emerging economies. For this purpose, M-SWARA methodology is taken into consideration based on bipolar q-ROFSs and golden cut. The second stage of the analysis includes evaluating the emerging economies with the determinants of open innovation-based fintech potential. In this context, emerging seven countries are examined with ELECTRE methodology. It found the most significant factor is the open innovation-based fintech potential

Analyzing the global risks for the financial crisis after the great depression using comparative hybrid hesitant fuzzy decision-making models: Policy recommendations for sustainable economic growth

WOS: 000446770200169The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of global risks on financial crises. For this purpose, five different outstanding crises after the Great Depression of 1929 are taken into the consideration. Additionally, four different dimensions are selected regarding global risk by considering the Global Risk Report. Moreover, the hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL, the hesitant fuzzy VIKOR, and the hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS methodologies are used to reach this objective. We concluded that, with respect to global risks, the industry-based dimension has the highest importance in comparison to other dimensions. In addition, we also identified that the 2010 European debt crisis and the 1982 Latin American debt crisis were the most influenced crises in terms of global risk. The main reason for this is that the macroeconomic problems such as high inflation and unemployment had negative impacts on the industries of these countries. Another important point is that the results of the hesitant fuzzy VIKOR and hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS models are quite different, but they are the most similar when the experts do not reach the consensus. This situation shows that this analysis is quite appropriate with respect to the hesitant approach. While considering these aspects, we recommended that countries should firstly focus on the solutions related to industry level problems in order to minimize the global risk. Owing to this issue, it can be more possible to reach sustainable economic growth in the world