THE MOBILITY OF CCA ELEMENTS IN SOILS

CCA was firstly developed in 1933 and has been extensively used to impregnate utility poles and railroad sleepers in all over the world. However, the leachate elements from CCA treated wood products may alter soil and water properties and may have some negative influence on environment and other living organisms. In this study, mobility of CCA elements in different types of soils and their reactions with soils were reviewed and summarized. Generally, the concentrations of copper, chromium and arsenic in the soil which leach out from CCA treated-utility poles decrease with the increase of soil depth and distance soil sample take from utility poles

The mobılıty of cca elements ın soıls

CCA (Chromated copper arsenate) ilk olarak, 1933 yılında formüle edilmiş ve patenti alınan emprenye maddesi olup; telefon, tel direkleri ve traverslerin empreyensinde uzun yıllardan beri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak CCA ile emprenyeli ağaç malzemelerden yıkanıp uzaklaşan bakır, krom ve arsenik; gerek toprağa gerekse su kaynaklarına karışması sonucunda toprak ve su özelliklerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, CCA emprenye maddesinin topraktaki hareketleri ve toprakla reaksiyonları ele alınmıştır. Genel olarak, CCA ile emprenye edilmiş tel direklerinden uzaklaşan ve toprakta tutunan bakır, krom ve arsenik konsantrasyonu; direklerden uzaklaştıkça ve toprak derinliği arttıkça azalmaktadır.CCA was firstly developed in 1933 and has been extensively used to impregnate utility poles and railroad sleepers in all over the world. However, the leachate elements from CCA treated wood products may alter soil and water properties and may have some negative influence on environment and other living organisms. In this study, mobility of CCA elements in different types of soils and their reactions with soils were reviewed and summarized. Generally, the concentrations of copper, chromium and arsenic in the soil which leach out from CCA treated-utility poles decrease with the increase of soil depth and distance soil sample take from utility poles

Changes in expression of Slit1 and its receptor Robo2 in trigeminal ganglion and inferior alveolar nerve following inferior alveolar nerve axotomy in adult rats: a pilot study

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in expression pattern of Slit1 and Robo2, and to clarify the relationship between these changes and functional recovery of the axotomized inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) without repair using a rat IAN axotomy model. Slitl and Robo2 were weakly expressed in samples taken from trigeminal ganglion (TG) and IAN of sham surgery rats. In axotomized rats, expression levels increased significantly from day 2 to day 28 post-axotomy, with peaks on days 14 (Slit1) and 7 (Robo2) after axotomy (relative to sham: Slit1 in TG P < 0.0005, Slitl in IAN P = 0.003, Robo2 in TG P < 0.0005, and Robo2 in IAN P < 0.0005). Over-expressed Slitl and Robo2 in both the TG and IANs of axotomized rats did not return to sham levels during the 28-day observation period of this study. The regeneration and functional recovery of axotomized IAN was evaluated by jaw opening reflex (JOR) recorded before and after axotomy. JOR occurrence (0% on day 7, 35% on day 14, and 85% on day 28) increased gradually, and the relative threshold of electrical stimulation eliciting JOR decreased gradually (1000.0 +/- 0.0% on day 7, 854.3 +/- 132.5% on day 14, and 302.6 +/- 92.3% on day 28). On day 28 after axotomy, JOR occurrence and the relative JOR threshold had almost returned to those of sham rats. These findings suggest that Slitl and Robo2 are involved in the regeneration and functional recovery of the axotomized IAN.Namik Kemal University, Scientific Research Projects CommitteeNamik Kemal University [NKU-BAP.00.20.AR.12.10]This study was supported by Namik Kemal University, Scientific Research Projects Committee (Project No. NKU-BAP.00.20.AR.12.10)

Prognostic Significance of Notch1 and Fbxw7 Mutations in Pediatric T-All

The NOTCH signaling pathway plays important role in the development of multicellular organisms, as it regulates cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In adults, it is essential for the T- or B-lymphocyte lineage commitment. NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations both lead the activation of the NOTCH1 pathway and are found in the majority of T- ALL patients. In this study, the mutation analysis of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 genes was performed in 87 pediatric T-ALLs who were treated on the ALL-BFM protocols. In 19 patients (22%), activating NOTCH1 mutations were observed either in the heterodimerization domain or in the PEST domain and 7 cases (10%) demonstrated FBXW7 mutations (2 cases had both NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations). We also analyzed the relationship of the mutation data between the clinical and biological data of the patients. NOTCH1 and FBXW7, NOTCH1 alone were found correlated with lower initial leucocyte counts which was independent from the sex and T- cell immunophenotype. However, NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations were not predictive of outcome in the overall cohort of pediatric T-ALLs.Wo