Direct Aerobic Carbonylation of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H Bonds through Ni/Cu Synergistic Catalysis with DMF as the CO Source

The direct carbonylation of aromatic sp2 and unactivated sp3 C–H bonds of amides was achieved via nickel/copper catalysis under atmospheric O2 with the assistance of a bidentate directing group. The sp2 C–H functionalization showed high regioselectivity and good functional group compatibility. The sp3 C–H functionalization showed high site-selectivity by favoring the C–H bonds of α-methyl groups over those of the α-methylene, β- or γ-methyl groups. Moreover, this reaction showed a predominant preference for functionalizing the α-methyl over α-phenyl group. Mechanistic studies revealed that nickel/copper synergistic catalysis is involved in this process

Making rural micro-regeneration strategies based on resident perceptions and preferences for traditional village conservation and development:The case of Huangshan village, China

Micro-regeneration is a gradual renewal strategy that uses small-scale interventions to improve the quality of the living environment and local community, as well as spur industrial development. It is the small-scale interventions that have continued to make micro-regeneration a viable economic rural renewal approach for traditional village conservation and development. As such, in this work we explore potential micro-regeneration strategies and promotions based on assessments of public perception and preferences in an “unlisted” traditional village in China (i.e., an area with limited investment for conservation compared to “listed”, renowned traditional villages). We aim to identify the most perceptible modes of village transformation and industrial development for rural micro-regeneration strategies in the Huangshan traditional village of China. We also tested how the social character of respondents significantly affected their preferences in this regard. The public participatory mapping results illustrated a spatially clustered pattern made up of small spaces and individual buildings demanding micro-regeneration interventions. The survey based on 150 residents living around these sites disclosed that a unified repair approach subsidized by government and traffic condition improvements are the most recognized modes of village transformation, and the tourism is the most perceived and preferred method for industrial development. Significant differences between public perceptions and preferences of both village transformation and industrial development were identified corresponding to gender and income demographics, while village transformation perceptions change is dependent on age. Therefore, our study demonstrates evidence-based recommendations for active and effective rural micro-regeneration practices

An MAS Based Energy Management System for a Stand-Alone Microgrid at High Altitude

A multi-agent system based energy management system (EMS) is proposed in this paper for implementing a PV-small hydro hybrid microgrid (MG) at high altitude. Based on local information, the distributed generation (DG) sources in the MG are controlled via the EMS to achieve efficient and stable system operation. Virtual bidding is used to quickly establish the scheduling of system operation and capacity reserve. In addition, real-time power dispatches are carried out through model predictive control to balance load demand and power generation in the MG. The dynamic model and the energy management strategy of the MG have been simulated on a RTDS–PXI joint real-time simulation platform. The simulation results show that the proposed energy management and control strategy can optimally dispatch the DG sources in the MG to achieve economic and secure operations of the whole system

Aphid Identification and Counting Based on Smartphone and Machine Vision

Exact enumeration of aphids before the aphids outbreak can provide basis for precision spray. This paper designs counting software that can be run on smartphones for real-time enumeration of aphids. As a first step of the method used in this paper, images of the yellow sticky board that is aiming to catch insects are segmented from complex background by using GrabCut method; then the images will be normalized by perspective transformation method. The second step is the pretreatment on the images; images of aphids will be segmented by using OSTU threshold method after the effect of random illumination is eliminated by single image difference method. The last step of the method is aphids’ recognition and counting according to area feature of aphids after extracting contours of aphids by contour detection method. At last, the result of the experiment proves that the effect of random illumination can be effectively eliminated by using single image difference method. The counting accuracy in greenhouse is above 95%, while it can reach 92.5% outside. Thus, it can be seen that the counting software designed in this paper can realize exact enumeration of aphids under complicated illumination which can be used widely. The design method proposed in this paper can provide basis for precision spray according to its effective detection insects

Analisis Du Pont System Sebagai Salah Satu Alat Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Rokok Yang Listing Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2013)

This study aims to determine the financial perfomance Cigarette Company listing in the BEI during the period 2011-2013 with using analyzed Du Pont System with the approach Time Series Analysis and Cross Sectional. This analysis more thorough and to find can how strong the relationship margin, asset turnover, the use of debt as well as the ROI on ROE. Based on the results of research, financial perfomance PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk have unfavorable development, asshown by the method of Time Series Analysis that ROI tends to decline during the three years that is equal to 4,83%, -4,66%, and -11,29%. Through the Cross Sectional, the company is located below the tobacco industry average. Financial perfomance PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk have god development, in the show with the method of time that ROI tends to increase over three years that is equal to 41,62%, 37,89%, and 39,48%. If using Cross Sectional, Sampoerna is above the average standard tobacco industry. Perfomance PT. Gudang Garam Tbk is quite good progress barn has shown the method of Time Series Analysis that ROI over three years in a stable condition that is equal to 12,68%, 9,8%, and 8,63%. Through the Cross Sectional method, the company is located above the average standard tobacco industry

Cobalt-catalysed site-selective intra- and intermolecular dehydrogenative amination of unactivated sp3 carbons

Cobalt-catalysed sp2 C–H bond functionalization has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of the low cost of cobalt complexes and interesting modes of action in the process. In comparison, much less efforts have been devoted to the sp3 carbons. Here we report the cobalt-catalysed site-selective dehydrogenative cyclization of aliphatic amides via a C–H bond functionalization process on unactivated sp3 carbons with the assistance of a bidentate directing group. This method provides a straightforward synthesis of monocyclic and spiro β- or γ-lactams with good to excellent stereoselectivity and functional group tolerance. In addition, a new procedure has been developed to selectively remove the directing group, which enables the synthesis of free β- or γ-lactam compounds. Furthermore, the first cobalt-catalysed intermolecular dehydrogenative amination of unactivated sp3 carbons is also realized., Functionalizing unactivated carbon–hydrogen bonds is challenging, especially when using non-precious metals and dealing with sp3 hybridized carbons. Here, the authors report an intramolecular cobalt catalysed amination of C–H bonds of sp3 carbons, giving access to β- and γ-lactams

More comprehensive facial inversion for more effective expression recognition

Facial expression recognition (FER) plays a significant role in the ubiquitous application of computer vision. We revisit this problem with a new perspective on whether it can acquire useful representations that improve FER performance in the image generation process, and propose a novel generative method based on the image inversion mechanism for the FER task, termed Inversion FER (IFER). Particularly, we devise a novel Adversarial Style Inversion Transformer (ASIT) towards IFER to comprehensively extract features of generated facial images. In addition, ASIT is equipped with an image inversion discriminator that measures the cosine similarity of semantic features between source and generated images, constrained by a distribution alignment loss. Finally, we introduce a feature modulation module to fuse the structural code and latent codes from ASIT for the subsequent FER work. We extensively evaluate ASIT on facial datasets such as FFHQ and CelebA-HQ, showing that our approach achieves state-of-the-art facial inversion performance. IFER also achieves competitive results in facial expression recognition datasets such as RAF-DB, SFEW and AffectNet. The code and models are available at https://github.com/Talented-Q/IFER-master