Boundary gene-flow and IR region expansion/contraction events.

<p>Comparison of the junction positions of IR boundaries among 11 basal angiosperms cp genome. ILa, ILb represented the positions between the two IRs and the LSC region, ISa and ISb represented the positions between the two IRs and the SSC region.</p

Expression levels of some DETs in young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML) and stems.

<p>(A) The expression of 9 DETs identified in digital gene expression profile. (B) Validation the expression of these DETs in relative real-time PCR-based quantification.</p

Position of RNA editing sites in chloroplast transcripts of sweet potato.

<p>Position of RNA editing sites in chloroplast transcripts of sweet potato.</p

Chloroplast genome of <i>Ipomoea batats</i>.

<p>The outer circle shows positions of genes in the large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeat (IR A and IR B) regions. The inner circle is a graph depicting GC content across the genome. Plastome maps were generated in OGDraw v1.2.</p

Boundary gene-flow and IR region expansion/contraction events.

<p>Comparison of the junction positions of IR boundaries among 11 basal angiosperms cp genome. ILa, ILb represented the positions between the two IRs and the LSC region, ISa and ISb represented the positions between the two IRs and the SSC region.</p

Comparison of gene distribution in chloroplast genomes of sweet potato and other three inter- and intra-<i>Ipomoea</i> species.

<p>The relative position of functional-protein encoding genes were determined and marked as short vertical line in black. The thickness of the vertical bar represented the relative length of the genes. The name and position of some differential genes between two genomes were marked. The LSC, SSC and IRs regions of each chloroplast genome were shown in four different colors (except for <i>Medicago truncatula</i> with incomplete genome).</p

Chloroplast genome alignment among species in <i>Ipomoea</i> genus.

<p>The relative position of tRNA genes were determined and marked as short vertical line in black. The thickness of the vertical bar represented the relative length of the tRNA genes. The LSC, SSC and IRs regions of each chloroplast genome were shown in four different colors.</p

Differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) of cp genes in sweet potato.

<p>(A) Numbers of DETs in leaves and stems of sweet potato. PS, CR, EM, MP, PG represented genes related to photosynthesis, chloro-respiration, expression machinery, metabolic pathway and pseudogenes. (B) Numbers of DETs among young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML) and stems in sweet potato. The Up-(red) and down-regulated (black) statistics of DETs were calculated in edgeR.</p

Genome comparison of different <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> strains provides insights on conservation of the evolution

<div><p><i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> has the special Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway and it has excellent industrial characteristics, including low cell mass formation, high-specific productivity,ethanol yield, notable ethanol tolerance and wide pH range, a relatively small genome size. In this study, the genome sequences of NRRL B-14023 and NRRL B-12526 were sequenced and compared with other strains to explore their evolutionary relationships and the genetic basis of <i>Z</i>. <i>mobilis</i>. The comparative genomic analyses revealed that the 8 strains share a conserved core chromosomal backbone. ZM4, NRRL B-12526, NRRL B-14023, NCIMB 11163 and NRRL B-1960 share 98% sequence identity across the whole genome sequences. Highly similar plasmids and CRISPR repeats were detected in these strains. A whole-genome phylogenetic tree of the 8 strains indicated that NRRL B-12526, NRRL B-14023 and ATCC 10988 had a close evolutionary relationship with the strain ZM4. Furthermore, strains ATCC29191 and ATCC29192 had distinctive CRISPR with a far distant relationship. The size of the pan-genome was 1945 genes, including 1428 core genes and 517 accessory genes. The genomes of <i>Z</i>. <i>mobilis</i> were highly conserved; particularly strains ZM4, NRRL B-12526, NRRL B-14023, NCIMB 11163 and NRRL B-1960 had a close genomic relationship. This comparative study of <i>Z</i>. <i>mobilis</i> presents a foundation for future functional analyses and applications.</p></div

Whole genome comparison in 8 <i>Z</i>. <i>mobilis</i>.

<p>Whole-genome comparison of 8 strains (alignment reference genome: NRRL B-12526). From outer to inner ring: NRRL B-12526, NRRL B-14023, ZM4, NCIMB 11163, NRRL B-1960, ATCC 10988, ATCC 29191, ATCC 29192.The color intensity in each ring represents the BLAST match identity.</p