Generating multi-atom entangled W states via light-matter interface based fusion mechanism

W state is a key resource in quantum communication. Fusion technology has been proven to be a good candidate for preparing a large-size W state from two or more small-size W states in linear optical system. It is of great importance to study how to fuse W states via light-matter interface. Here we show that it is possible to prepare large-size W-state networks using a fusion mechanism in cavity QED system. The detuned interaction between three atoms and a vacuum cavity mode constitute the main fusion mechanism, based on which two or three small-size atomic W states can be fused into a larger-size W state. If no excitation is detected from those three atoms, the remaining atoms are still in the product of two or three new W states, which can be re-fused. The complicated Fredkin gate used in the previous fusion schemes is avoided here. W states of size 2 can be fused as well. The feasibility analysis shows that our fusion processes maybe implementable with the current technology. Our results demonstrate how the light-matter interaction based fusion mechanism can be realized, and may become the starting point for the fusion of multipartite entanglement in cavity QED system.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Generating multi-atom entangled W states via light-matter interface based fusion mechanism

PubMed ID: 26548649W state is a key resource in quantum communication. Fusion technology has been proven to be a good candidate for preparing a large-size W state from two or more small-size W states in linear optical system. It is of great importance to study how to fuse W states via light-matter interface. Here we show that it is possible to prepare large-size W-state networks using a fusion mechanism in cavity QED system. The detuned interaction between three atoms and a vacuum cavity mode constitute the main fusion mechanism, based on which two or three small-size atomic W states can be fused into a larger-size W state. If no excitation is detected from those three atoms, the remaining atoms are still in the product of two or three new W states, which can be re-fused. The complicated Fredkin gate used in the previous fusion schemes is avoided here. W states of size 2 can be fused as well. The feasibility analysis shows that our fusion processes maybe implementable with the current technology. Our results demonstrate how the light-matter interaction based fusion mechanism can be realized, and may become the starting point for the fusion of multipartite entanglement in cavity QED system.Publisher's Versio

Sediment transport near ship shoal for coastal restoration in the Louisiana Shelf: a model estimate of the year 2017-2018

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Liu, H., Xu, K., Ou, Y., Bales, R., Zang, Z., & Xue, Z. G. Sediment transport near ship shoal for coastal restoration in the Louisiana Shelf: a model estimate of the year 2017-2018. Water, 12(8), (2020): 2212, doi:10.3390/w12082212.Ship Shoal has been a high-priority target sand resource for dredging activities to restore the eroding barrier islands in LA, USA. The Caminada and Raccoon Island pits were dredged on and near Ship Shoal, which resulted in a mixed texture environment with the redistribution of cohesive mud and noncohesive sand. However, there is very limited knowledge about the source and transport process of suspended muddy sediments near Ship Shoal. The objective of this study is to apply the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model to quantify the sediment sources and relative contribution of fluvial sediments with the estuary and shelf sediments delivered to Ship Shoal. The model results showed that suspended mud from the Atchafalaya River can transport and bypass Ship Shoal. Only a minimal amount of suspended mud from the Atchafalaya River can be delivered to Ship Shoal in a one-year time scale. Additionally, suspended mud from the inner shelf could be transported cross Ship Shoal and generate a thin mud layer, which is also considered as the primary sediment source infilling the dredge pits near Ship Shoal. Two hurricanes and one tropical storm during the year 2017–2018 changed the direction of the sediment transport flux near Ship Shoal and contributed to the pit infilling (less than 10% for this specific period). Our model also captured that the bottom sediment concentration in the Raccoon Island pit was relatively higher than the one in Caminada in the same period. Suspended mud sediment from the river, inner shelf, and bay can bypass or transport and deposit in the Caminada pit and Raccoon Island pit, which showed that the Caminada pit and Raccoon Island pits would not be considered as a renewable borrow area for future sand dredging activities for coastal restoration.Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Coastal Marine Institute, Washington DC, under Cooperative Agreement Numbers M16AC00018 and M17AC00019

Non-visual Effects of Road Lighting CCT on Driver's Mood, Alertness, Fatigue and Reaction Time: A Comprehensive Neuroergonomic Evaluation Study

Good nighttime road lighting is critical for driving safety. To improve the quality of nighttime road lighting, this study used the triangulation method by fusing "EEG evaluation + subjective evaluation + behavioral evaluation" to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the response characteristics of different correlated color temperature (CCT) (3500K, 4500K, 5500K, 6500K) on drivers' non-visual indicators (mood, alertness, fatigue and reaction time) under specific driving conditions (monotonous driving; waiting for red light and traffic jam; car-following task). The results showed that the CCT and Task interaction effect is mainly related to individual alertness and reaction time. Individual subjective emotional experience, subjective visual comfort and psychological security are more responsive to changes in CCT than individual mental fatigue and visual fatigue. The subjective and objective evaluation results demonstrated that the EEG evaluation indices used in this study could objectively reflect the response characteristics of various non-visual indicators. The findings also revealed that moderate CCT (4500K) appears to be the most beneficial to drivers in maintaining an ideal state of mind and body during nighttime driving, which is manifested as: good mood experience; it helps drivers maintain a relatively stable level of alterness and to respond quickly to external stimuli; both mental and visual fatigue were relatively low. This study extends nighttime road lighting design research from the perspective of non-visual effects by using comprehensive neuroergonomic evaluation methods, and it provides a theoretical and empirical basis for the future development of a humanized urban road lighting design evaluation system.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figures, 103 conference

Type-II Ising Pairing in Few-Layer Stanene

Spin-orbit coupling has proven indispensable in realizing topological materials and more recently Ising pairing in two-dimensional superconductors. This pairing mechanism relies on inversion symmetry breaking and sustains anomalously large in-plane polarizing magnetic fields whose upper limit is expected to diverge at low temperatures, although experimental demonstration of this has remained elusive due to the required fields. In this work, the recently discovered superconductor few-layer stanene, i.e. epitaxially strained $\alpha$-Sn, is shown to exhibit a new type of Ising pairing between carriers residing in bands with different orbital indices near the $\Gamma$-point. The bands are split as a result of spin-orbit locking without the participation of inversion symmetry breaking. The in-plane upper critical field is strongly enhanced at ultra-low temperature and reveals the sought for upturn

Experimental observation of Dirac-like surface states and topological phase transition in Pb1−x_{1-x}Snx_xTe(111) films

The surface of a topological crystalline insulator (TCI) carries an even number of Dirac cones protected by crystalline symmetry. We epitaxially grew high quality Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$Te(111) films and investigated the TCI phase by in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$Te(111) films undergo a topological phase transition from trivial insulator to TCI via increasing the Sn/Pb ratio, accompanied by a crossover from n-type to p-type doping. In addition, a hybridization gap is opened in the surface states when the thickness of film is reduced to the two-dimensional limit. The work demonstrates an approach to manipulating the topological properties of TCI, which is of importance for future fundamental research and applications based on TCI

A numerical investigation of wave-supported gravity flow during cold fronts over the Atchafalaya Shelf

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 125(9), (2020): e2019JC015269, doi:10.1029/2019JC015269Wave‐supported fluid mud (WSFM) plays an important role in sediment downslope transport on the continental shelves. In this study, we incorporated WSFM processes in the wave boundary layer (WBL) into the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) on the platform of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐and‐Sediment Transport modeling system (COAWST). The WSFM module was introduced between the bottommost water layer and top sediment layer, which accounted for the key sediment exchange processes (e.g., resuspension, vertical settling, diffusion, and horizontal advection) at the water‐WBL and WBL‐sediment bed boundaries. To test its robustness, we adapted the updated model (CSTMS + WBL) to the Atchafalaya shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico and successfully reproduced the sediment dynamics in March 2008, when active WSFM processes were reported. Compared with original CSTMS results, including WSFM module weakened the overall intensity of sediment resuspension, and the CSTMS + WBL model simulated a lutocline between the WBL and overlying water due to the formation of WSFM. Downslope WSFM transport resulted in offshore deposition (>4 cm), which greatly changed the net erosion/deposition pattern on the inner shelf off the Chenier Plain. WSFM flux was comparable with suspended sediment flux (SSF) off the Atchafalaya Bay, and it peaked along the Chenier Plain coast where wave activities were strong and the bathymetric slope was steep. The influence of fluvial sediment supply on sediment dynamics was limited in the Atchafalaya Bay. Sensitivity tests of free settling, flocculation, and hindered settling effects suggested that sediments were transported further offshore due to reduced settling velocity in the WBL once fluid mud was formed. Although sediment concentration in the WBL was sensitive to surface sediment critical shear stress, cohesive bed behavior was less important in WSFM dynamics when compared with strong hydrodynamic during cold fronts.Research support provided through NSF CyberSEES (Award CCF‐1856359), NASA (Award NNH17ZHA002C), Louisiana Board of Regents (award number NASA/LEQSF(2018‐20)‐Phase3‐11), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (Cooperative Agreement Award M20AC00007), NSF Coastal SEES (Award EAR‐1427389 ), NSF (Award OCE‐20203676), and LSU Foundation Billy and Ann Harrison Endowment for Sedimentary Geology.2021-02-1

Mutation of SLC35D3 causes metabolic syndrome by impairing dopamine signaling in striatal D1 neurons

We thank Dr. Ya-Qin Feng from Shanxi Medical University, Dr. Tian-Yun Gao from Nanjing University and Dr. Yan-Hong Xue from Institute of Biophysics (CAS) for technical assistance in this study. We are very thankful to Drs. Richard T. Swank and Xiao-Jiang Li for their critical reading of this manuscript and invaluable advice. Funding: This work was partially supported by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB530605; 2014CB942803), from National Natural Science Foundation of China 1230046; 31071252; 81101182) and from Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-R-05, KJZD-EW-L08). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD