Improved Danger Model Immune Algorithm

AbstractDanger Model Immune Algorithm (DMIA) is an algorithm based on the danger theory of biological immunology. In the framework of the algorithm, the danger area is fixed in the process of optimization. In this paper, an improved algorithm is proposed which are different from the framework of the algorithm. In the new algorithm, the danger area will be changed gradually according to the iterations automatically. And two kinds of method (linear and nonlinear) are adopted to adjust the danger area. Complex function is used to test the algorithm. Through the comparison test, the results denote that the nonlinear method is more effective than the linear one, and has better optimization capability

Withered Peach Blossoms —— A Discussion for the Phenomenon of a Poor Sense of Copyright in Chinese Youth Netizens and the Suggestion Contents

This proposal expresses a standpoint concerning a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion. The phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens has disadvantages. By analyzing it, a clear status of Chinese youth netizens' problems on the poor sense of copyright will be shown. At the same time, when we consider a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion, we must address several main reasons that contribute to problem. These include cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system. It is valuable for the originators feel free to create better works. Meanwhile, those factors are essential for Chinese youth netizens to consider the way to be cultivated the right spending habits. Only by analyzing all these factors together and then using these results to apply to intensity notional cultural competitiveness and form an innovative market. This paper is organized as follows: The first part will outline the poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens' case studies and analyze. The second part is an introduction of the problems of the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens. The reasons causing the problems are analyzed in part three. Some proposals to overcome copyright problem will be advocated in last part. This study found that enhancing copyright awareness is a very complex task for Chinese youth netizens. Cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system are all factors which bring difficulties to promote copyright awareness in Chinese youth netizens. Combined those factors with four problems of the phenomenon in China, I offer appropriate suggestions to overcome problems and help youth netizens acquire the knowledge of copyright

On Reliability of Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks

With the integration of the advanced computing and communication technologies, smart grid system is dedicated to enhance the efficiency and the reliability of future power systems greatly through renewable energy resources, as well as distributed communication intelligence and demand response. Along with advanced features of smart grid, the reliability of smart grid communication system emerges to be a critical issue, since millions of smart devices are interconnected through communication networks throughout critical power facilities, which has an immediate and direct impact on the reliability of the entire power infrastructure. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of reliability issues posted by the smart grid with a focus on communications in support of neighborhood area networks (NAN). Specifically, we focus on network architecture, reliability requirements and challenges of both communication networks and systems, secure countermeasures, and case studies in smart grid NAN. We aim to provide a deep understanding of reliability challenges and effective solutions toward reliability issues in smart grid NAN

Vortex evolution in the near wake behind polygonal cylinders

The near wake of the polygonal cylinder with the side number N = 3~∞ is systematically studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) at Re = 1.6 × 104. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis is carried out to extract the large-scale coherent vortex structures and their evolution. It has been found that the vortex circulation grows to the maximum at the vortex formation length by entraining the vorticity from the separated shear layer and then undergoes a two-stage decay. The maximum circulation scales with the wake width, defined as the vertical distance between the two peaks of streamwise velocity fluctuation at vortex formation length. The vortex center trajectory indicates that the vortices move towards the centerline first and then away, with the vortex size monotonically increasing over the examined streamwise range. The vortex size at the maximum circulation also scales with the wake width. The vortex convection velocity increases gradually in the streamwise direction, and the ratio of the lateral and streamwise components of the vortex convection velocity, when scaled by wake width and vortex formation length respectively, approaches asymptotically 0.18 in the downstream, irrespective of the cylinder orientation or N

A Survey on Ship Collision Risk Evaluation

Recently, ship collision avoidance has become essential due to the emergence of special vessels like chemical tankers and VLCCs (very large crude carriers), etc. The information needed for safe navigation is obtained by combining electrical equipment with real-time visual information. However, misjudgements and human errors are the major cause of ship collisions according to research data. The decision support system of Collision avoidance is an advantageous facility to make up for this. Collision risk evaluation is one of the most important problems in collision avoidance decision supporting system. A review is presented of different approaches to evaluate the collision risk in maritime transportation. In such a context, the basic concepts and definitions of collision risk and their evaluation are described. The review focuses on three categories of numerical models of collision risk calculation: methods based on traffic flow theory, ship domain and methods based on dCPA and tCPA

Transmission of hydrogen detonation across a curtain of dilute inert particles

Transmission of hydrogen detonation wave (DW) in an inert particle curtain is simulated using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with gas-particle two-way coupling. A detailed chemical mechanism is used for hydrogen detonative combustion and parametric studies are conducted based on a two-dimensional computational domain. A detonation map of propagation and extinction corresponding to various particle sizes, concentrations, and curtain thicknesses is plotted. It is shown that the critical curtain thickness decreases considerably when the particle concentration is less than the critical value. The effects of curtain thickness on the trajectories of peak pressure, shock front speed, and heat release rate are examined. Three propagation modes of the DW in particle curtain are found: detonation transmission, partial extinction and detonation reinitiation, and detonation extinction. The chemical explosive mode analysis confirms that a detonation re-initiation event is caused by a re-initiation point with high pressure and explosive propensity, resulting from transverse shock focusing. The influence of particle dimeter and concentration, and curtain thickness on the DW are also examined with peak pressure trajectories, shock speed, and interphase exchange rates of energy and momentum. Furthermore, the evolutions of curtain morphologies are analyzed by the particle velocity, volume fraction, Stokes drag and Archimedes force. This analysis confirms the importance of the drag force in influencing the change of curtain morphologies. Different curtain evolution regimes are found: quasi-stationary regime, shrinkage regime, constant-thickness regime, and expansion regime. Finally, the influences of the curtain thickness on the characteristic time of curtain evolutions are studied