THE MECHANISM OF PROTEIN FOLDING TERMINATION IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Review of Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion

Two major points in supercritical hydrothermal combustion were reviewed:(1) The structure of semi-batch reactors or continuous reactors used in different institutes and colleges. These investigations can be used to guide the design of reactors for later scholars and lay the foundation for the industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. (2) The research status of characterization of hydrothermal flame processes by various scholars. These investigations can be used to guide the process parameters of industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. The continuous reactor designed in each organization is very sophisticated, which can avoid the two major problems of reaction in the supercritical state: salt precipitation and corrosion. The ignition temperature, extinction temperature, and other characteristics of supercritical hydrothermal combustion studied by scholars are summarized and the laws are basically similar. The removal rate of different organic matters was also summarized under supercritical hydrothermal combustion, and the removal rate of more than 99% was basically achieved

The intercalation of 1,10-phenanthroline into layered NiPS3 via iron dopant seeding

Using 2% percent of iron dopants as reaction active sites yields a series of single crystals of 1,10-phenanthroline intercalated NiPS3, via solution reaction with aniline chloride, not possible by direct reaction. Experimental magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate that 1,10-phenanthroline intercalation suppresses the anti-ferromagnetism ordering at around 150 K in Fe0.02Ni0.98PS3, and gives rise to a ferrimagnetic phase transition at the temperature around 75 K. A intercalation mechanism is proposed for the reaction, and this dopant seeding method provides a new approach for intercalation into layered materials

PwHAP5, a CCAAT-binding transcription factor, interacts with PwFKBP12 and plays a role in pollen tube growth orientation in Picea wilsonii

The HAP complex occurs in many eukaryotic organisms and is involved in multiple physiological processes. Here it was found that in Picea wilsonii, HAP5 (PwHAP5), a putative CCAAT-binding transcription factor gene, is involved in pollen tube development and control of tube orientation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed that PwHAP5 transcripts were expressed strongly in germinating pollen and could be induced by Ca2+. Overexpression of PwHAP5 in pollen altered pollen tube orientation, whereas the tube with PwHAP5RNAi showed normal growth without diminishing pollen tube growth. Furthermore, PwFKBP12, which encodes an FK506-binding protein (FKBP) was screened and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay performed to confirm the interaction of PwHAP5 and PwFKBP12 in vivo. Transient expression of PwFKBP12 in pollen showed normal pollen tube growth, whereas the tube with PwFKBP12RNAi bent. The phenotype of overexpression of HAP5 on pollen tube was restored by FKBP12. Altogether, our study supported the role of HAP5 in pollen tube development and orientation regulation and identified FKBP12 as a novel partner to interact with HAP5 involved in the process

Optimal design of water distribution networks using fuzzy optimization

A new heuristic approach for the design of water distribution networks involving a robust fuzzy linear program optimization in which the capital costs of the network are minimized while maintaining the nodal heads at demand nodes within a satisfactory region as defined by the customers at those nodes is presented. Iterative interaction between the fuzzy linear program and a network solver is used to ensure hydraulic consistency. Level of service is modelled by the residual nodal head available at demand nodes with the subjective nature of customers' satisfaction with the nodal head being represented through fuzzy sets which reflect more realistically consumers' attitudes toward pressure variations in the supply of water. Non-probabilistic uncertainty in the demand is modelled by a trapezoidal possibility distribution function. The model is demonstrated by application to an example network. A new heuristic approach for the design of water distribution networks involving a robust fuzzy linear program optimization in which the capital costs of the network are minimized while maintaining the nodal heads at demand nodes within a satisfactory region as defined by the customers at those nodes is presented. Iterative interaction between the fuzzy linear program and a network solver is used to ensure hydraulic consistency. Level of service is modelled by the residual nodal head available at demand nodes with the subjective nature of customers' satisfaction with the nodal head being represented through fuzzy sets which reflect more realistically consumers' attitudes toward pressure variations in the supply of water. Non-probabilistic uncertainty in the demand is modelled by a trapezoidal possibility distribution function. The model is demonstrated by application to an example network

Reliability-based optimal design of water distribution networks

A new approach for reliability-based optimization of water distribution networks is presented. The approach is capable of recognizing the uncertainty in nodal demands and pipe capacity as well as the effects of mechanical failure of system components. A probabilistic hydraulic model is used in the model to account for uncertainty in nodal demands and pipe capacity. The primary innovation of the model is the use of a first-order reliability-method-based algorithm to compute approximate values of the capacity reliability of water distribution networks. Capacity reliability is defined as the probability that the nodal demand is met at or over the prescribed minimum pressure for a fixed network configuration under random nodal demands and random pipe roughnesses. The model also incorporates a strategy for identifying the critical nodes on which the reliability constraints are imposed in the cost minimizing step. The computational efficiency of the optimization is shown to be enhanced by deriving the first-order derivatives analytically using a sensitivity-analysis-based technique. The efficiency and capacity of the proposed algorithm are illustrated by application to two sample networks. A new approach for reliability-based optimization of water distribution networks is presented. The approach is capable of recognizing the uncertainty in nodal demands and pipe capacity as well as the effects of mechanical failure of system components. A probabilistic hydraulic model is used in the model to account for uncertainty in nodal demands and pipe capacity. The primary innovation of the model is the use of a first-order reliability-method-based algorithm to compute approximate values of the capacity reliability of water distribution networks. Capacity reliability is defined as the probability that the nodal demand is met at or over the prescribed minimum pressure for a fixed network configuration under random nodal demands and random pipe roughnesses. The model also incorporates a strategy for identifying the critical nodes on which the reliability constraints are imposed in the cost minimizing step. The computational efficiency of the optimization is shown to be enhanced by deriving the first-order derivatives analytically using a sensitivity-analysis-based technique. The efficiency and capacity of the proposed algorithm are illustrated by application to two sample networks