A review of Convolutional Neural Networks in Remote Sensing Image

Effectively analysis of remote-sensing images is very important in many practical applications, such as urban planning, geospatial object detection, military monitoring, vegetation mapping and precision agriculture. Recently, convolutional neural network based deep learning algorithm has achieved a series of breakthrough research results in the fields of objective detection, image semantic segmentation and image classification, etc. Their powerful feature learning capabilities have attracted more attention and have important research value. In this article, firstly we have summarized the basic structure and several classical convolutional neural network architectures. Secondly, the recent research problems on convolutional neural network are discussed. Later, we summarized the latest research results in convolutional neural network based remote sensing fields. Finally, the conclusion has made on the basis of current issue on convolutional neural networks and the future development direction

Misregulation of Alternative Splicing in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome

Mutations in the human MECP2 gene cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls. Despite decades of work, the molecular function of MeCP2 is not fully understood. Here we report a systematic identification of MeCP2-interacting proteins in the mouse brain. In addition to transcription regulators, we found that MeCP2 physically interacts with several modulators of RNA splicing, including LEDGF and DHX9. These interactions are disrupted by RTT causing mutations, suggesting that they may play a role in RTT pathogenesis. Consistent with the idea, deep RNA sequencing revealed misregulation of hundreds of splicing events in the cortex of Mecp2 knockout mice. To reveal the functional consequence of altered RNA splicing due to the loss of MeCP2, we focused on the regulation of the splicing of the flip/flop exon of Gria2 and other AMPAR genes. We found a significant splicing shift in the flip/flop exon toward the flop inclusion, leading to a faster decay in the AMPAR gated current and altered synaptic transmission. In summary, our study identified direct physical interaction between MeCP2 and splicing factors, a novel MeCP2 target gene, and established functional connection between a specific RNA splicing change and synaptic phenotypes in RTT mice. These results not only help our understanding of the molecular function of MeCP2, but also reveal potential drug targets for future therapies

A Survey on Deployment and Coverage Strategies in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks

The deployment and coverage strategies are key issues in researches and the applications of WSNs, since it greatly influences the node energy, communication bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS) for WSNs. The current literatures on sensor coverage control approaches mainly focused on the two-dimensional (2D) plane. However, many applications including underwater monitoring, indoor surveillance and others scenarios that are deployed on the three-dimensional (3D) space. This paper presents an extensive overview of various coverage and deployment problems and algorithms in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks. It focuses on different coverage strategies, vital characteristics, design schemes, advanced methods and practical constraints dealing with coverage and deployment in 3D WSNs

Experimental Study on Tribological and Leakage Characteristics of a Rotating Spring-Energized Seal under High and Low Temperature

A spring-energized seal, whose PTFE plastic shell has excellent self-lubrication and a low temperature stability, is used widely in liquid fuel valves’ rotating end-face seals. However, in practical application, temperature has a larger effect on not only the physical and tribological properties of materials, but also on the leakage performance of spring-energized rings. Thus, a high and low temperature sealing test of the spring-energized seal that applies to an engine was carried out. In this paper, the leakage characteristics, friction torque and wear characteristics of a spring-energized ring under different temperatures were studied. The friction torque at high temperature was less than that at normal temperature, and a low temperature could effectively reduce the wear amount of PTFE material. In order to study the influence of temperature on PTFE filled with graphite, the friction and wear test of PTFE-2 was carried out. The results showed that the amount of wear of PTFE-2 was only 27.8% of that at the normal temperature but the friction coefficient was three times larger when the temperature was −45 °C

Towards Circular Fashion: Design for Community-Based Clothing Reuse and Upcycling Services under a Social Innovation Perspective

With the rise of the circular economy, recycling, and upcycling is an emerging sustainable system in the fashion industry, emphasising a closed loop of “design, produce, use, and recycle”. In this context, this paper will explore community-based approaches to scale up clothing reuse and upcycling under a social innovation perspective. This study aims to establish community-based practice models, which contribute toward promoting a greater understanding of sustainable fashion and achieving collaborative cocreation frameworks for community stakeholders. This paper, therefore, takes a social innovation perspective to conduct design studies helping with the technical (problem-solving) and cultural (sense-making) barriers that clothing reuse and upcycling face. The research was conducted in the context of the Shanghai community, and a large amount of first-hand research data were obtained through field research, expert and user interviews, and participatory workshops. Finally, this research establishes a platform proposal which combines strategic service design and practical toolkit design. It is a new community-based service model highlighting a significant advancement in the degree of collaboration and cocreation in traditional community service models. Additionally, it dramatically demonstrates the potential of socially innovative design thinking in promoting circular fashion and the closed-loop fashion system

Surface micro-alcoholysis treatment: A novel approach towards froth flotation based separation for binary mixtures of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride

It is known that selective separation is the prerequisite of recycling pathways for waste plastics, which brings the potential economic and environmental benefits for cleaner production. A novel approach, surface micro-alcoholysis treatment (SMAT), was proposed for improvement of froth flotation towards the separation of plastics. By means of the SMAT, binary mixtures of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were selective modified to achieve effective separation. The mechanism of SMAT was examined by multiple characterization tests, response surface methodology was employed for its statistical optimization and simulation of pilot plant was first applied. The results suggested that selective wetting could be achieved through SMAT. PET surface was partially replaced by hydrophilic oligomers after ester exchange reaction, leading to the final flotation separation. Based on Plackett-Bueman design, zinc acetate concentration, temperature and operating time were identified as the significant factors controlled in SMAT. The maximum validation separation purity of PET could even reach 99.25% under the optimal condition predicated by Box-Behnken design. Such condition was performed in detail as the mass volume ratio of 1:5 (poly mixtures: 2-ethylhexanol), 0.3 wt% addition of zinc acetate, temperature of 346.5 K, stirring intensity of 100 rpm and operating time of 84.13 min. The PET purity was verified to be steady around 95% in simulation of pilot plant. The proposed technology is efficient, reliable in operation, widespread of application and potential of industrialization

Application of biosurfactant tea saponin in flotation separation for ternary plastic mixtures : statistical optimization and mechanism analysis

Plastics flotation is facilitated to the sustainable development and cleaner production of the industry. Biosurfactant tea saponin was first applied to a flotation process for ternary plastic mixtures so as to minimize the secondary pollution. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize such process by considering variable interactions and multi-objects. Mechanism of wetting selectivity was clearly established with the assistance of interfacial free energy and characterization. Results showed that the tea saponin in cooperation with polyethylene glycol can be an eligible substitution of traditional reagents used in polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and thermoplastic rubber system. For multi-objective optimization of purity priority, the solution was predicted as polyethylene glycol concentration of 8.43 mg/L, tea saponin concentration of 50.00 mg/L, conditioning time of 7.36 min, air flow rate of 180.55 L/h and stirring intensity of 1179.72 rpm. The purity and recovery of polyethylene product could reach 98.31 and 95.18% in validation tests, respectively. For reverse optimization of recovery priority, the purity and recovery of polyethylene product were also satisfactory in validation tests with 90.36 and 99.36%, respectively. The essence of wetting selectivity is the hydrogen bond (O–H•••π*) between specific plastics and tea saponin, providing a referential direction for the development of new targeted reagents

Oil palm tree detection and counting in aerial images based on faster R-CNN

Malaysian oil palm industry has been a great contributor to the country’s creation of job opportunity, foreign exchange earnings and GDP. Information about the amount and the distribution of oil palm trees in a plantation are important for sustainable management. In this paper, we propose an oil palm tree detection and counting method based on the Faster Regions with Convolutional Neural Network algorithm (Faster R-CNN). Experiment on the oil palm tree images collected by a drone shows that the proposed method can effectively detect the oil palm trees and counting its number when the age of the trees in a plantation is different from 2 years old to 8 years old. The proposed approach can be used to predict the scale of the plantation and meets the requirements of real-time detection

The Development of Classical Swine Fever Marker Vaccines in Recent Years

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease that has caused serious economic losses for the global pig industry and is widely prevalent worldwide. In recent decades, CSF has been effectively controlled through compulsory vaccination with a live CSF vaccine (C strain). It has been successfully eradicated in some countries or regions. However, the re-emergence of CSF in Japan and Romania, where it had been eradicated, has brought increased attention to the disease. Because the traditional C-strain vaccine cannot distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA), this makes it difficult to fight CSF. The emergence of marker vaccines is considered to be an effective strategy for the decontamination of CSF. This paper summarizes the progress of the new CSF marker vaccine and provides a detailed overview of the vaccine design ideas and immunization effects. It also provides a methodology for the development of a new generation of vaccines for CSF and vaccine development for other significant epidemics