Research Progress on the pathogenic mechanism of Streptococcus suis 2

Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause many diseases in pigs, such as sepsis, arthritis, endocarditis, and meningitis, of which meningitis is the most serious. There are 35 serotypes, and serotype two is the most virulent. At the same time, Streptococcus suis serotype 2(SS2) can also infect humans, causing severe public health problems. Although SS2 has attracted significant attention worldwide, the research on its pathogenesis is still limited. The adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the surface of host cells or tissues and its subsequent invasion and diffusion are the critical steps of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the interaction between pathogen and host is involved in these processes. Therefore, to study the pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic bacteria is to study the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host. This paper described several common virulence factors, such as CPS, SLY, MRP, EF, SAO, Srt, FBPS, SadP, and Eno. Under the actions of virulence factors, SS2 adheres and colonizes to the mucosal and epithelial surface of host cells. Then SS2 invades into deeper tissues and bloodstream. If SS2 in the blood does not cause fatal sepsis, It can go to the third stage. The third stage is to cross the BBB and access the CNS and ultimately causes meningitis. During pathogenesis, SS2 interacts with multiple host cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial cells, and microvascular endothelial cells to evade the innate or adaptive immunity of the host

A Location Prediction Algorithm with Daily Routines in Location-Based Participatory Sensing Systems

Mobile node location predication is critical to efficient data acquisition and message forwarding in participatory sensing systems. This paper proposes a social-relationship-based mobile node location prediction algorithm using daily routines (SMLPR). The SMLPR algorithm models application scenarios based on geographic locations and extracts social relationships of mobile nodes from nodes' mobility. After considering the dynamism of users' behavior resulting from their daily routines, the SMLPR algorithm preliminarily predicts node's mobility based on the hidden Markov model in different daily periods of time and then amends the prediction results using location information of other nodes which have strong relationship with the node. Finally, the UCSD WTD dataset are exploited for simulations. Simulation results show that SMLPR acquires higher prediction accuracy than proposals based on the Markov model

Side population cells derived from hUCMSCs and hPMSCs could inhibit the malignant behaviors of Tn+ colorectal cancer cells from modifying their O-glycosylation status

Abstract Background Cosmc (C1GalT1C1) mutation could cause aberrant O-glycosylation and result in expression of Tn antigen on the surface of tumor cells (Tn+ cells), which is associated with the metastasis and prognosis of cancer progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could participate in immunoregulation, tissue damage repair, and tumor inhibition and be seen as an ideal candidate for tumor therapy due to their inherent capacity to migrate to tumor sites. However, their therapeutic effectiveness in different tumors is inconsistent and still controversial. Of note, emerging data reveal that side population (SP) cells have a stronger multilineage developmental potential than main population cells and can function as stem/progenitor cells. The effect of SP cells derived from MSCs on the biological behaviors and the O-glycosylation status of tumor cells remains unclear. Methods SP cells were isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) and human placenta MSCs (hPMSCs). Tn+ cells (LS174T-Tn+ and HT-29-Tn+ cells) and matching Tn− cells (LS174T-Tn− and HT-29-Tn− cells) were isolated from human colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines LS174T and HT-29 by immune magnetic beads. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis, Tn antigen expression, and O-glycome in Tn+ and Tn− CRC cells before and after co-cultured with SP-MSCs were detected using real-time cell Analysis (RTCA), flow cytometry (FCM), and cellular O-glycome reporter/amplification (CORA), respectively. Cosmc protein and O-glycosyltransferase (T-synthase and C3GnT) activity in CRC cells were, respectively, assessed using western blotting and fluorescence method. Results Both SP cells derived from hUCMSCs and hPMSCs could inhibit proliferation and migration, promote apoptosis of CRC cells, significantly reduce Tn antigen expression on Tn+ CRC cells, generate new core 1-, 2-, and 3-derived O-glycans, increase T-synthase and C3GnT activity, and elevate the levels of Cosmc and T-synthase protein. Conclusion SP-hUCMSCs and SP-hPMSCs could inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of Tn+ CRC cells via increasing O-glycosyltransferase activity to modify O-glycosylation status, which further adds a new dimension to the treatment of CRC

Elastic buckling of thin plate with circular holes in bending

Stress redistribution will occur around the hole for the perforated plate under bending, and the buckling mode of bending plate is changed, which makes the design of bending plate more complicated. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the perforated plate under bending model, analyze the degree of influence of the plate aspect ratio, width-thickness ratio, size and position of the holes, meanwhile, the distance between holes is also discussed. The results show that the thickness of the plate size and width-thickness ratio have little influence on the elastic buckling performance of thin plates with holes in bending. As the size of the holes increase, the influence is greater, and there is a certain regularity. The opening position is closer to the short side of the plate, the buckling coefficient of plate will be significantly decreased. The effect is greater with the increase of opening size, the distance between holes have a safe value, the position of the opening is more obvious for the buckling of the bending plate. Finally, based on the data from finite element analysis, the proposed formula of buckling stability coefficient k for the bending perforated plate is given