Health-related Quality of Life Measured Using the EQ-5D-3L and Health Service Utilization in Rural Residents of Ningxia

Background Exploring the factors affecting health service utilization is of great significance for optimizing the allocation of health services. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) focuses on individuals' subjective self-assessment of their current health status, and may affect their health-seeking behaviors, but there are few studies on the impact of HRQoL on health service utilization of rural residents in China. Objective To explore the relationship between HRQoL and health service utilization of rural residents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to provide a reference for the development of relevant policies/plans, and for the optimization health services in rural areas. Methods Data were collected from the Health Survey of Rural Residents Families 2019 conducted in four sample counties of Ningxia (Haiyuan, Pengyang, Xiji, Yanchi) from July to August 2019, involving 9 310 cases (≥15 years) with complete key information (gender, age, HRQoL-related indicators, health service utilization indicators). Detailed data of the residents were extracted, including socio-economic and demographic characteristics, health services accessibility, prevalence of chronic diseases, HRQoL measured using European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level Version (EQ-5D-3L) and utilization of health services. The effects of health state utility values and visual analog scale (VAS) score on outpatient and inpatient health service utilization were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. Results The utilization rates of outpatient and inpatient health services of rural residents in Ningxia were 10.85% (1 010/9 310) and 18.86% (1 756/9 310), respectively. The mean health state utility values and mean VAS score of them were (0.965±0.090) and (69.97±17.84), respectively. Difference testing showed that residents with impaired self-care (in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system) had higher rates of using outpatient health services〔OR (95%CI) =3.197 (2.633, 3.883), P<0.001〕and inpatient health services〔OR (95%CI) =4.802 (4.059, 5.681), P<0.001〕compared with those with impaired mobility, usual activities, or higher level of pain/discomfort or anxiety/depression. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for various confounding factors, health state utility values and VAS score were associated with the use of outpatient and inpatient health services (P<0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of chronic diseases also significantly affect the utilization of outpatient and inpatient health services (P<0.05) . Conclusion HRQoL and the prevalence of chronic diseases were leading factors affecting the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services in Ningxia rural residents. As an independent predictive factor of residents' health service utilization, HRQoL can be used to assist in the evaluation and monitoring of health service quality and effect, and provide guidance for rational allocation of health resources

Study on the technical specification of communication interface and protocol for intelligent mine

At present, there are some problems in the construction of the intelligent mine, such as the non-uniform interface protocol and the formation of new 'information island'. They lead to the difficulty of data fusion and sharing in mines and the difficulty of realizing the high-quality development of intelligent mine. It is pointed out that the key problem of mine intelligent construction lies in the lack of standardized and unified data acquisition, transmission and sharing standards. According to the core specification, application specification, and operation and maintenance specification, the technology system of intelligent mine communication interface and protocol is designed. The communication interface and protocol model of intelligent mine is proposed. The perception layer, transmission layer and application layer of the model are defined. The model of intelligent mining equipment is constructed, and the communication interface is described formally. The intelligent mine data is divided into perception data, text data and audio-visual data. The message structures of the three kinds of data are defined. According to the current mining equipment, technology application and development direction, the intelligent mine data acquisition modes are divided into equipment direct acquisition, protocol conversion acquisition, and system transfer acquisition. The application scenarios of three data acquisition modes are pointed out. The acquisition and transmission process of perception data, text data, and audio-visual data are described. The technical specification of intelligent mine communication interface and protocol covers the whole process of mine data fusion communication. It provides unified interface mode and communication protocol specification for intelligent mine data acquisition, transmission, fusion and sharing. And it realizes interconnection and intercommunication among various systems of the mine