1,103 research outputs found
Surface transport coefficients for three-dimensional topological superconductors
We argue that surface spin and thermal conductivities of three-dimensional
topological superconductors are universal and topologically quantized at low
temperature. For a bulk winding number , there are "colors" of
surface Majorana fermions. Localization corrections to surface transport
coefficients vanish due to time-reversal symmetry (TRS). We argue that
Altshuler-Aronov interaction corrections vanish because TRS forbids color or
spin Friedel oscillations. We confirm this within a perturbative expansion in
the interactions, and to lowest order in a large- expansion. In both
cases, we employ an asymptotically exact treatment of quenched disorder effects
that exploits the chiral character unique to two-dimensional,
time-reversal-invariant Majorana surface states.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures. v3: published versio
Topological protection, disorder, and interactions: Survival at the surface of 3D topological superconductors
We consider the interplay of disorder and interactions upon the gapless
surface states of 3D topological superconductors. The combination of topology
and superconducting order inverts the action of time-reversal symmetry, so that
extrinsic time-reversal invariant surface perturbations appear only as
"pseudomagnetic" fields (abelian and non-abelian vector potentials, which
couple to spin and valley currents). The main effect of disorder is to induce
multifractal scaling in surface state wavefunctions. These critically
delocalized, yet strongly inhomogeneous states renormalize interaction matrix
elements relative to the clean system. We compute the enhancement or
suppression of interaction scaling dimensions due to the disorder exactly,
using conformal field theory. We determine the conditions under which
interactions remain irrelevant in the presence of disorder for symmetry classes
AIII and DIII. In the limit of large topological winding numbers (many surface
valleys), we show that the effective field theory takes the form of a
Finkel'stein non-linear sigma model, augmented by the
Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten term. The sigma model incorporates interaction
effects to all orders, and provides a framework for a controlled perturbative
expansion; the inverse spin or thermal conductance is the small parameter. For
class DIII we show that interactions are always irrelevant, while in class AIII
there is a finite window of stability, controlled by the disorder. Outside of
this window we identify new interaction-stabilized fixed points.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures. v2: published versio
Topological Protection from Random Rashba Spin-Orbit Backscattering: Ballistic Transport in a Helical Luttinger Liquid
The combination of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and potential disorder induces
a random current operator for the edge states of a 2D topological insulator. We
prove that charge transport through such an edge is ballistic at any
temperature, with or without Luttinger liquid interactions. The solution
exploits a mapping to a spin 1/2 in a time-dependent field that preserves the
projection along one randomly undulating component (integrable dynamics). Our
result is exact and rules out random Rashba backscattering as a source of
temperature-dependent transport, absent integrability-breaking terms.Comment: 6+3 pages, 2+1 figure
Individual position diversity in dependence socioeconomic networks increases economic output
The availability of big data recorded from massively multiplayer online
role-playing games (MMORPGs) allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the
potential connection between individuals' network positions and their economic
outputs. We use a statistical filtering method to construct dependence networks
from weighted friendship networks of individuals. We investigate the 30
distinct motif positions in the 13 directed triadic motifs which represent
microscopic dependences among individuals. Based on the structural similarity
of motif positions, we further classify individuals into different groups. The
node position diversity of individuals is found to be positively correlated
with their economic outputs. We also find that the economic outputs of leaf
nodes are significantly lower than that of the other nodes in the same motif.
Our findings shed light on understanding the influence of network structure on
economic activities and outputs in socioeconomic system.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure
Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analysis of the genetic structure of Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) in southeast China coast
Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) is a Xiphosura animal of significant commercial importance and in danger of extinction in China. To better estimate how genetic structure can be used to obtain a conservation perspective of the species, genetic variation was examined in nine locations covering its distributing range in the coast of Chinese mainland using ten nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequences. Moderate levels of genetic diversity were detected (expected heterozygosity from microsatellites was 0.635, haplotype diversity from mitochondrial DNA was 0.800) as a whole. Significant genetic differentiation was detected only by mitochondrial DNA (FST = 0.0693, P < 0.01), while microsatellite markers indicated nuclear genetic homogeneity of these locations. Probably, nuclear genetic homogeneity was caused by outbreeding among different groups due to artificial transporting. Very weak genetic differentiation indicates that reintroduction programs of the movement and mixing of horseshoe crab from different locations will result in minimal negative genetic effects. Upon four management units were inferred from the results of CR analysis, accordingly four or more nature reserves should be established to conserve this endangered animal along the Chinese coast. Haplotype network pattern indicated that T. tridentatus population in Chinese coast has undergone historic population expansion and very recent historic population recession. Mismatch distributions analysis also revealed existence of historic demographic expansion.Keywords: Tachypleus tridentatus, microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, population structure, genetic diversityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(16), pp. 2088-209
RRM1 single nucleotide polymorphism -37CāA correlates with progression-free survival in NSCLC patients after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) gene encodes the regulatory subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, the molecular target of gemcitabine. The overexpression of RRM1 mRNA in tumor tissues is reported to be associated with gemcitabine resistance. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the RRM1 gene are potential biomarkers of the response to gemcitabine chemotherapy. We investigated whether RRM1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or SNPs were associated with clinical outcome after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>PBMC samples were obtained from 62 stage IIIB and IV patients treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. RRM1 mRNA expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR. Three RRM1 SNPs, -37CāA, 2455AāG and 2464GāA, were assessed by direct sequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>RRM1 expression was detectable in 57 PBMC samples, and SNPs were sequenced in 56 samples. The overall response rate to gemcitabine was 18%; there was no significant association between RRM1 mRNA expression and response rate (<it>P </it>= 0.560). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 23.3 weeks in the lower expression group and 26.9 weeks in the higher expression group (<it>P </it>= 0.659). For the -37CāA polymorphism, the median PFS was 30.7 weeks in the C(-)37A group, 24.7 weeks in the A(-)37A group, and 23.3 weeks in the C(-)37C group (<it>P </it>= 0.043). No significant difference in PFS was observed for the SNP 2455AāG or 2464GāA.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The RRM1 polymorphism -37CāA correlated with PFS in NSCLC patients treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found between PBMC RRM1 mRNA expression and the efficacy of gemcitabine.</p
Feedforward computational model for pattern recognition with spiking neurons
Humans and primates are remarkably good at pattern recognition and outperform the best machine vision systems with respect to almost any measure. Building a computational model that emulates the architecture and information processing in biological neural systems has always been an attractive target. To build a computational model that closely follows the information processing and architecture of the visual cortex, in this paper, we have improved the latency-phase encoding to express the external stimuli in a more abstract manner. Moreover, inspired by recent ļ¬ndings in the biological neural system, including architecture, encoding, and learning theories, we have proposed a feedforward computational model of spiking neurons that emulates object recognition of the visual cortex for pattern recognition. Simulation results showed that the proposed computational model can perform pattern recognition task well. In addition, the success of this computational model suggests a plausible proof for feedforward architecture of pattern recognition in the visual cortex
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