Inclusive Globalization and The Belt and Road Initiative

The old economic globalization has come to a halt. Most scholars have considered the current model of economic globalization, and the new path of globalization is to inherit the parts of neoliberal economic globalization that benefit economic growth while reforming the parts that are insufficient. Many academics have backed China's "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI) as a platform for jointly exploring a new type of globalization in this context. Based on a brief overview of the economic globalization development process, this article investigates how the BRI reflects the characteristics of inclusive globalization in its policies. Equal opportunity, balanced benefits, shared development, and openness are the four characteristics investigated. This article demonstrates, using qualitative methods and a literature review, that BRI has fulfilled all of these characteristics of inclusive globalization, with a wide range of programs carried out under the BRI scheme. In Exconclusion, BRI can be used as a "role model" for implementing inclusive globalization.Globalisasi ekonomi lama telah mencapai persimpangan jalan. Sebagian besar cendekiawan telah merefleksikan model globalisasi ekonomi yang ada, dan jalur baru globalisasi adalah mewarisi bagian-bagian globalisasi ekonomi neoliberal yang menguntungkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sambil mereformasi bagian-bagian yang tidak mencukupi. Banyak cendekiawan telah mendukung prakarsa "Belt and Road"Iniative (BRI) pemerintah Tiongkok sebagai platform untuk bersama-sama mengeksplorasi jenis globalisasi baru dalam konteks ini. Berdasarkan tinjauan singkat tentang proses perkembangan globalisasi ekonomi, artikel ini mengkaji berdasarkan karakteristik globalisasi inklusif, artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana BRI merefleksikan karakteristik globalisasi inklusif dalam kebijakannya. Terdapat empat karakteristik yang dikaji yaitu kesetaraan kesempatan, keuntungan yang seimbang, pembangunan bersama dan keterbukaan. Melalui metode kualitatif dan studi literatur, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa BRI telah memenuhi semua karakteristik globalisasi inklusif tersebut, dengan berbagai variasi program yang dilakukan dalam skema BRI. Sebagai kesimpulan, BRI dapat dijadikan “role model” untuk implementasi globalisasi inklusif

EpiAlign: an alignment-based bioinformatic tool for comparing chromatin state sequences.

The availability of genome-wide epigenomic datasets enables in-depth studies of epigenetic modifications and their relationships with chromatin structures and gene expression. Various alignment tools have been developed to align nucleotide or protein sequences in order to identify structurally similar regions. However, there are currently no alignment methods specifically designed for comparing multi-track epigenomic signals and detecting common patterns that may explain functional or evolutionary similarities. We propose a new local alignment algorithm, EpiAlign, designed to compare chromatin state sequences learned from multi-track epigenomic signals and to identify locally aligned chromatin regions. EpiAlign is a dynamic programming algorithm that novelly incorporates varying lengths and frequencies of chromatin states. We demonstrate the efficacy of EpiAlign through extensive simulations and studies on the real data from the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics project. EpiAlign is able to extract recurrent chromatin state patterns along a single epigenome, and many of these patterns carry cell-type-specific characteristics. EpiAlign can also detect common chromatin state patterns across multiple epigenomes, and it will serve as a useful tool to group and distinguish epigenomic samples based on genome-wide or local chromatin state patterns

Hydrogen production on bimetallic catalysts and local acidity investigation of aluminosilicates and mesoporous silica via single molecule spectroscopy

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringKeith L. HohnThe autothermal reforming and partial oxidation of hexadecane via Pt/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles on various ceria-based supports were investigated. Nanoparticles with Pt/Ni molar ratios ranging from 0/100 to 10/90 were loaded on ceria-based supports including cerium oxide, gadolinium-doped cerium oxide and cerium-doped zirconium oxide. The effect of the Pt/Ni molar ratio and the promotional effect of the support were studied by comparing the hydrogen yield. TPR and XPS analysis showed that there was a strong interaction between Ni and the CeO₂-ZrO₂ support, which led to enhancement of catalyst performance when the Pt/Ni ratio was low. The strong interaction between Ni and CeO₂-ZrO₂ support was induced by the formation of a solid solution between NiO and ZrO₂. In the case of bimetallic catalysts loaded on Gd₂O₃-CeO₂, no significant improvement in the catalytic activity of autothermal reforming was achieved until the Pt/Ni ratio reached 10/90. With C-snarf-1 as a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, the local acidity on the surface of gradient aluminosilicate thin films and in the pore structure of mesoporous silicate films was explored. The single molecule emission ratio (I₅₈₀/I₆₄₀) of C-snarf-1 on the gradient aluminosilicate films showed similar results as previously reported for aluminosilicate mesoporous films. As the Al/Si ratio increases, the emission ratio declines, indicative of increased material acidity. In the case the mesoporous silicate films, much broader distributions of emission ratios were observed and are suggestive of significant heterogeneity in the pore structure of these films. The average emission ratio increased with a rise in pH until pH 6 or 7. A further rise in pH leads to a decline in emission ratio. Molecules with high mobility showed a narrow distribution and slightly lower average emission ratio when compared to data from all detected molecules. This observation implies a reduced heterogeneity for mesopores in which the molecules rapidly diffuse. The narrow distribution and lower average value of emission ratio at low pH, combined with the decrease in emission ratio induced by an increase in ionic strength may further indicate that the interaction between dye molecules and the pore surface impacts the emission ratio of the dye molecules

Comparative analysis of operational risk in Chinese and UK banking industries

This dissertation focuses mainly on banking operational risk measured by capital requirement. This empirical research estimates the macroeconomic variables and bank-specific characteristics of operational risk regulatory capital for the United Kingdom (UK hereafter) and China respectively. Methodologically, this dissertation selects panel data to undertake a regression analysis. The data sample was secondary data collected from Orbis Bank and World Bank over a period from 2011 to 2018. This empirical research found that the large scale of banks associated with high profitability, solvency, liquidity and better investment decision-making may need more operational risk regulatory capital in both the UK and China. This means they are more likely to be influenced by banking internal control. However, for macroeconomic factors, UK and Chinese banks are quite different. The unemployment rate may have a more significant impact on Chinese banks than UK banks. This implies that Chinese banks can control the unemployment rate to improve operational risk. For other macroeconomic variables, GDP growth and employee numbers have opposite effects on the UK and Chinese banking industry. Specifically, GDP growth is positively linked to UK banks but negatively linked to China. These research results emphasize the differences and similarities between the UK and Chinese banking market, as well as the impact of each determinant made in each country to promote operational risk management. This dissertation therefore summarizes the experience and drawbacks of both the UK and Chinese banking market to maintain a stable economy and financial development in the final section

Analyzing Inclusion Criteria of 7000 Cochrane Systematic Reviews

In healthcare, a systematic review is a type of literature review designed to synthesize all available evidence on a given question. To do so, systematic reviewers start with inclusion criteria that help to identify relevant studies that could be included into the review. Identifying what evidence should be included is critical in the systematic reviewing process because it helps reviewers crisply identify what they are looking for, which saves time and effort to screen through the literature. In this project, our objective is to build a machine classifier that categorizes textual descriptions of inclusion criteria taken from over 7000 Cochrane Systematic Reviews to determine whether or not the included articles must be Randomized Control Trials. The ultimate goal of developing such a tool is to analyze the inclusion criteria of existing systematic reviews, to understand what types of evidence are considered relevant for systematic reviews, and to identify Randomized Control Trials in included studies. Linh Hoang is funded by National Library of Medicine: "Text Mining Pipeline to Accelerate Systematic Reviews in Evidence-based Medicine" (R01LM010817). Thank you to Cochrane for providing Cochrane reviews as machine readable XML from which inclusion criteria were extracted. This research was done in collaboration with the Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Ope

Towards a General Framework for Continual Learning with Pre-training

In this work, we present a general framework for continual learning of sequentially arrived tasks with the use of pre-training, which has emerged as a promising direction for artificial intelligence systems to accommodate real-world dynamics. From a theoretical perspective, we decompose its objective into three hierarchical components, including within-task prediction, task-identity inference, and task-adaptive prediction. Then we propose an innovative approach to explicitly optimize these components with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques and representation statistics. We empirically demonstrate the superiority and generality of our approach in downstream continual learning, and further explore the applicability of PEFT techniques in upstream continual learning. We also discuss the biological basis of the proposed framework with recent advances in neuroscience.Comment: This is a generalized version of our HiDe-Prompt and will be presented in the IMOL workshop in NeurIPS 2023. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2310.0723