The prediction model structure of IMFs of the case 2.

<p><b>Note</b>: n-number of the neuron nodes in the input layer.</p

The structure of the proposed EMD-EEMD-RBFNN-LNN model.

<p>The proposed model has four stages, i.e., denoising, decomposition, component prediction and ensemble. The methods used in the four stages are empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and linear neural network (LNN), respectively.</p

Does institutional context matter in building innovation capability?

Our study investigates whether changes in China's reform policies had an influence on the national innovation capability building. Specifically, our study empirically examines the relationship between national innovation capability and the roles of key drivers from 33 administrative regions across the two periods of the reform (1991-1998 and 1999-2005) with four types of domestic patents during 1992-2009. The data is drawn from government official statistics, using STATA for panel analysis. Overall findings demonstrate that the innovation environment was changed and consequently changed the impact of drivers on China's innovation capability differently between the two periods, which helps provide a better understanding of the effect of innovation system reform in each phase in China. We extend research on innovation capability to emerging economies and enhance our understanding of how the government policies shape a country's innovation capability through mechanisms of key innovation drivers in emerging economies

The selected stations of the Haihe River Basin.

<p>This figure shows the locations of the 3 hydrological stations (Guantai, Xiangshuibao, Miyun Reservoir) and 44 meteorological stations (including Beijing). The precipitation data of the 44 meteorological stations are used to compute the annual mean precipitation of HRB.</p

Four types of comparison models.

<p>Four types of comparison models.</p

The architecture of the linear neural network.

<p>The architecture of the linear neural network.</p

The decomposition results of the six denoised hydrological time series.

<p>The six series are decomposed into several IMFs and one residue. The IMFs are listed in the order from the highest frequency to the lowest frequency.</p

Data used in the forecasting processes.

<p>Data used in the forecasting processes.</p

Understanding the regional innovation capacity in China after economic reforms

Our study aims to examine the drivers of China’s regional innovation capacity (RIC). Drawing from innovation system literatures, our study proposes that RIC can be determined by (a) innovation actors (higher education institutions, enterprises, and public research institutes); (b) innovation inputs (financial capital and human resource), and (c) international interactions. The main finding was the significant impact of higher education institutions demonstrating higher education institutions are crucial innovation actors. The interaction effect also found between foreign direct investment (FDI) and Science and Technology (S&T) investment suggests governments should pay more attention to the indirect impact of drivers in building RIC in China

Six cases studied in this paper.

<p>Six cases studied in this paper.</p