Quantum network teleportation for quantum information distribution and concentration

We investigate the schemes of quantum network teleportation for quantum information distribution and concentration which are essential in quantum cloud computation and quantum internet. In those schemes, the cloud can send simultaneously identical unknown quantum states to clients located in different places by a network like teleportation with a prior shared multipartite entangled state resource. The cloud first perform the quantum operation, each client can recover their quantum state locally by using the classical information announced by the cloud about the measurement result. The number of clients can be beyond the number of identical quantum states intentionally being sent, this quantum network teleportation can make sure that the retrieved quantum state is optimal. Furthermore, we present a scheme to realize its reverse process, which concentrates the states from the clients to reconstruct the original state of the cloud. These schemes facilitate the quantum information distribution and concentration in quantum networks in the framework of quantum cloud computation. Potential applications in time synchronization are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Atatürk, Türk Dili ve Yazı İnkılâbı

Özet: Dünyada çok nadir lider bir ömürde hem savaş alanında hem kültür alanında o kadar çok zafer kazanmıştır. Atatürk her yönüyle o nadir liderlerden biridir. O kendi düşünce sistemiyle, öngörüşüyle ve çevreye zamanında motivasyon vererek faaliyete geçirmesiyle Türkiye’ye ve Türk halkına yeni ufuklar açmıştır. Atatürk, bir fikir adamı olarak, milli kültürün temel direklerinden birinin dil olduğunu biliyordu. Bu sebeple konuşma dili ile yazı dilini ve halkın dili ile aydınların dilini yakınlaştırmak için dil inkılâbını teşvik etti. Dil inkılâbının ilk safhası olarak 1 Kasım 1928’de yazı inkılâbı gerçekleşti ve Latin harfleri kanunla kabul edildi. Böylece, yazı inkılâbı, Türk dilinin ve Türk kültürünün tarihinde bir dönüm noktası oldu ve kısa zamanda Türkçe kendi yumuşaklığı ve ahenkliği ile yeniden bütün güzelliğini meydana çıkardı. Anahtar kelimeler: Atatürk, Türk dili, Türk dilinin Latin alfabesi, Türkçede vokaller, Türkçede konsonantlar

Investigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model

BACKGROUND: The causes of dural arteriovenous fistula have not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure using a rabbit model. RESULTS: By using rabbit model, dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure could be produced by end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis of the right side common carotid artery with the posterior facial vein plus ligation of the contralateral external jugular vein. As compared the post arteriovenous fistula formation among 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 90 days, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in the 1- and 2-weeks groups was significantly higher compared with the control group, 3 weeks and 90 days groups (p ≤0.002). There was significantly higher hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression in the one week group compared with the control, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 90 days groups (p ≤0.002). The results of Western blotting showed that vascular endothelial growth factor expression level was highest in the 1 week group. The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly different between all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the experiments in our rabbit model indicate that high intracranial venous pressure is a key for dural arteriovenous fistula formation. Cerebral ischemia caused by lack of cerebral perfusion pressure plays a key role in the process that leads from high intracranial venous pressure to increased hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression and then increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-101) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users