Geochemical Analysis of a Multi-Layer Hydrocarbon Reservoir in the Wuerhe Area, Junggar Basin

From 5000 m underground to the surface, there is a multi-layer hydrocarbon reservoir under the Wuerhe nose uplift in the Junggar Basin. Light oil, heavy oil, oil sand, and solid bitumen are found in Permian to Cretaceous strata. The normal crude oil present under heavy oil and solid bitumen reservoir can easily ignored by explorers. To effectively exploit the petroleum and bitumen mineral resources in the Junggar Basin, geochemical characteristics of crude oils in the different layers were analyzed. It is concluded that the crude oils and bitumen minerals came from Permian source rocks of alkaline lacustrine facies. Combined with tectonic movement analysis, two stages of accumulation occurred in research area. During the Indosinian Tectonic movement, the crude oil generated from Permian source rocks first migrated upwards along large faults and then accumulated in the Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic reservoirs. The crude oil of the Jurassic reservoir was seriously biodegraded and a high abundance of 25-norhopane was detected. At the end of the Yanshan movement, small normal faults were developed to connect the oil in the Triassic reservoirs to the surface. The light components of the oil in the fault system quickly volatilized and left solid bitumen minerals in the faults. Due to the plugging effect of “bitumen plug”, the oil and gas in the lower part cannot migrate upward and be damaged. Therefore, light oil-heavy oil–oil sand and bitumen minerals were formed from the bottom to the top. The research result will also have a guiding significance for oil and gas exploration in the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin

Element Geochemical Characteristics and Provenance Conditions of the 1st Member of Jurassic Zhongjiangou Formation in Wudun Sag, Dunhuang Basin

In order to clarify the provenance of the 1st member of the Zhongjiangou formation in Wudun sag, Dunhuang basin, the structural attributes, weathering and sedimentary characteristics of the provenance area were analyzed by means of element geochemistry, so as to determine the differences of sediment sources in different well areas. The results show that the higher the Al2O3 and K2O contents, the higher the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements, while the iron and magnesium elements are relatively deficient, and there are characteristics of medium degree differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements in Well XC1 and Well D2. The lower the Al2O3 content and the higher the SiO2 content, a loss of large ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements are observed, while the ferrophilic magnesium elements show serious loss, as shown in the characteristics of the high degree of differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements in Well D1. In the UCC-normalized element spidergrams, the trend of Well XC1 and Well D2 is similar, which is different from that of well D1, indicating that the sediments of Well XC1 and Well D2 come from the same provenance area, while the sediment of Well D1 comes from a different provenance area. The provenance area of Well XC1 and Well D2 shows strong tectonic activity and strong weathering, while the provenance area of well D1 exhibits relatively weak tectonic activity and weathering. Combined with previous research results, Wudun sag is mainly characterized by a faulted lacustrine basin controlled by the southern boundary fault in the Jurassic layer. Therefore, the sediments of Well XC1 and Well D2 mainly come from the southern Sanweishan uplift provenance area, with strong tectonic activity; the sediments of Well D1 mainly come from the northern Beishan provenance area, with relatively weak tectonic activity

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ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The coefficient of detector efficiency is an essential while we use lung counting system to assess the internal exposure dose. This paper used an anthropomorphic phantom which was made accordance with Chinese Reference Man to calibrate our system. We cooperated with China Institute for Radiation Protection to manufacture the phantom which was made of tissue equivalent materials. In the lung there are 246 club-shaped uranium sources. Each source includes is obtained. In our application, about 22 workers have been measured finally. We find in our research that the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of natural uranium changes from 2.5mg to 5.9mg as the CWT varies from 16.2mm to 40.5mm for our lung counting system in 4000s detecting time by analyzing 63.3keV photo-electricity peak of gamma ray

Data from: Seasonal dynamics of waterbird assembly mechanisms revealed by phylogenetic and functional diversity in a subtropical wetland

Despite growing interest in phylogenetic and functional methods in ecological assembly, less attention has been paid to seasonal variation patterns of migrant species. Migrants can rapidly mediate influences of species interactions and environmental factors through seasonal movement, suggesting dynamical relative importance of different assembly mechanisms among seasons. Here we describe seasonal dynamics in phylogenetic and functional diversity of waterbirds in Mai Po Wetland, in a subtropical region with significant predictable temporal variation. Phylogenetic and functional structure of α diversity varied seasonally. Specifically, phylogenetic structures clustered in summer, while being over-dispersed in winter. However, phylogenetic structure in spring and autumn was intermediate with a transition to random. Functional structure was clustered in spring but showed over-dispersion in the other three seasons. For β diversity, summer and winter assemblages had two distinct groups, while spring and autumn assemblages were mixed. Thus, waterbird assemblages were primarily shaped by interspecific competition in winter. Random processes tended to shape assemblage in spring. Environmental factors played a more important role in summer . In addition, phylogenetic distance of probability of co-occurrence of species pairs was significantly larger in winter than in summer. These results suggest that the relative importance of assemblage mechanisms can vary seasonally in response to changing environmental conditions, suggesting that studies attempting to infer a single dominant assembly mechanism may ignore important assembly processes. Temporal shifts in assembly mechanisms may play an important role in maintaining diversity of subtropical and temperate wetlands and perhaps other dynamic systems

waterbird community

Waterbird abundance recorded in Mai Po Wetland site by site and month by month. Trait (wing length) of each species

Seasonal dynamics of waterbird assembly mechanisms revealed by patterns in phylogenetic and functional diversity in a subtropical wetland

Despite growing interest in using phylogenetic and functional methods to understand community assembly, few studies have examined how these methods can be used to assess seasonal variation in assembly mechanisms among migrant species. Migration can rapidly alter the relative influence of stochastic processes, species interactions, or environmental factors in shaping communities across seasons. Here, we describe seasonal dynamics in the phylogenetic and functional diversity of waterbirds in Mai Po Wetland, a subtropical region with significant and predictable temporal variation in climate and migratory bird density. Phylogenetic alpha diversity varied seasonally, exhibiting a clustered structure (indicative of environmental filtering) in summer, and over-dispersed structure (indicative of biotic filtering) in winter. Phylogenetic diversity in spring and autumn exhibited a more intermediate, random structure, consistent with stochastic arrivals and departures of migrants. Functional diversity was clustered in spring but showed over-dispersion in the other three seasons. Phylogenetic beta diversity in summer and winter assemblages was characterized by two distinct groups, while spring and autumn assemblages were mixed. Our results suggest that waterbird assemblages were primarily shaped by interspecific competition in winter, while random processes tended to shape assemblages in spring and fall. Environmental factors played a more important role in summer, during periods of high heat stress. In addition, species co-occurrence patterns were significantly more strongly related to phylogenetic similarity in winter than in summer. Our results suggest that the relative importance of assemblage mechanisms can vary seasonally in response to changing environmental conditions, suggesting that studies attempting to infer a single dominant assembly mechanism may ignore important assembly processes. Temporal shifts in assembly mechanisms may play an important role in maintaining diversity in subtropical and temperate wetlands and perhaps also in other dynamic systems

Phylogenetic and Functional Structure of Wintering Waterbird Communities Associated with Ecological Differences

Abstract Ecological differences may be related to community component divisions between Oriental (west) and Sino-Japanese (east) realms, and such differences may result in weak geographical breaks in migratory species that are highly mobile. Here, we conducted comparative phylogenetic and functional structure analyses of wintering waterbird communities in southern China across two realms and subsequently examined possible climate drivers of the observed patterns. An analysis based on such highly migratory species is particularly telling because migration is bound to reduce or completely eliminate any divergence between communities. Phylogenetic and functional structure of eastern communities showed over-dispersion while western communities were clustered. Basal phylogenetic and functional turnover of western communities was significant lower than that of eastern communities. The break between eastern and western communities was masked by these two realms. Geographic patterns were related to mean temperature changes and temperature fluctuations, suggesting that temperature may filter waterbird lineages and traits, thus underlying geographical community divisions. These results suggest phylogenetic and functional divisions in southern China, coinciding with biogeography. This study shows that temperature fluctuations constitute an essential mechanism shaping geographical divisions that have largely gone undetected previously, even under climate change

Anti-metastasis effect of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls in mouse hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cells.

Metastasis is one of the major causes of cancer-related death. It is a complex biological process involving multiple genes, steps, and phases. It is also closely connected to many biological activities of cancer cells, such as growth, invasion, adhesion, hematogenous metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis. Fucoidan derived from Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls (Ups-fucoidan) is a sulfated polysaccharide with more biological activities than other fucoidans. However, there is no information on the effects of Ups-fucoidan on tumor invasion and metastasis. We used the mouse hepatocarcinoma Hca-F cell line, which has high invasive and lymphatic metastasis potential in vitro and in vivo, to examine the effect of Ups-fucoidan on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Ups-fucoidan exerted a concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis in vivo and inhibited Hca-F cell growth, migration, invasion, and adhesion capabilities in vitro. Ups-fucoidan inhibited growth and metastasis by downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C/VEGF receptor 3, hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, phosphorylated (p) phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p-Akt, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and suppressed adhesion and invasion by downregulating L-Selectin, and upregulating protein levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The results suggest that Ups-fucoidan suppresses Hca-F cell growth, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis capabilities and that these functions are mediated through the mechanism involving inactivation of the NF-κB pathway mediated by PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways