Exploring the potentiality of standard sirens to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts

In this work, using the Gaussian process, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) measurements to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts through comparing its opacity-free luminosity distance (LD) with the opacity-dependent one from the combination of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GW data, SNIa and GRB data are simulated from the measurements of the future Einstein Telescope, the actual Pantheon compilation and the latest observation of GRBs compiled by L. Amati {\it et al}, respectively. A nonparametric method is proposed to probe the spatial homogeneity of cosmic transparency at high redshift by comparing the LD reconstructed from the GW data with that reconstructed from the Pantheon and GRB data. In addition, the cosmic opacity is tested by using the parametrization for the optical depth, and the results show that the constraints on cosmic opacity are more stringent than the previous ones. It shows that the future GW measurements may be used as an important tool to probe the cosmic opacity in the high redshift region.Comment: 21pages, 3 figures accepted by EPJC. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1912.0232

Testing the FLRW metric with the Hubble and transversal BAO measurements

The cosmological principle is one of the fundamental assumptions of the standard model of Cosmology (SCM), and it allow us to describe cosmic distances and clocks by using the Friedmann-Lema\rm{\hat{{\i}}}tre-Roberton-Walker (FLRW) metric. Thus, it is essential to test the FLRW metric with cosmological observations to verify the validity of the SCM. In this work, we perform tests of the FLRW metric by comparing the observational comoving angles between the Hubble $H(z)$ and angular Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements. The Gaussian process is employed to reconstruct the Hubble $H(z)$ measurements and the angular diameter distance (ADD) from the transversal BAO data. A non-parametric method is adopted to probe the possible deviations from the FLRW metric at any redshift by comparing the comoving distances from the reconstructed Hubble $H(z)$ measurements with the ADD reconstructed from the transversal BAO data. Then, we propose two types of parameterizations for the deviations from the FLRW metric, and test the FLRW metric by using the priors of specific sound horizon scales. To avoid the bias caused by the prior of a specific sound horizon scale, we perform the consistency test with a flat prior of the sound horizon scale. We find that there a concordance between the FLRW metric and the observational data by using parametric and non-parametric methods, and the parameterizations can be employed to test the FLRW metric in a new way independent of the sound horizon scale.Comment: Submitted to PRD and received comments from referee

A parametrization for the growth index of linear matter perturbations

We propose a parametrization for the growth index of the linear matter perturbations, $\gamma(z)=\gamma_0+\frac{z}{1+z}\gamma_1$. The growth factor of the perturbations parameterized as $\Omega_m^{\gamma}$ is analyzed for both the $w$CDM model and the DGP model with our proposed form for $\gamma$. We find that $\gamma_1$ is negative for the $w$CDM model but is positive for the DGP model. Thus it provides another signature to discriminate them. We demonstrate that $\Omega_m^{\gamma}$ with $\gamma$ taking our proposed form approximates the growth factor very well both at low and high redshfits for both kinds of models. In fact, the error is below 0.03% for the $\Lambda$CDM model and 0.18% for the DGP model for all redshifts when $\Omega_{m0}=0.27$. Therefore, our parametrization may be robustly used to constrain the growth index of different models with the observational data which include points for redshifts ranging from 0.15 to 3.8, thus providing discriminative signatures for different models.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures; Added reference

The growth of linear perturbations in the DGP model

We study the linear growth of matter perturbations in the DGP model with the growth index $\gamma$ as a function of redshift. At the linear approximation: $\gamma(z)\approx\gamma_0+\gamma_0^\prime z$, we find that, for $0.2\leq\Omega_{m,0}\leq0.35$, $\gamma_0$ takes the value from 0.658 to 0.671, and $\gamma_0^\prime$ ranges from 0.035 to 0.042. With three low redshift observational data of the growth factor, we obtain the observational constraints on $\gamma_0$ and $\gamma_0'$ for the $\Lambda CDM$ and DGP models and find that the observations favor the $\Lambda CDM$ model but at the $1\sigma$ confidence level both the $\Lambda CDM$ and DGP models are consistent with the observations.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figuers, to appear in PL

The growth factor of matter perturbations in an f(R) gravity

The growth of matter perturbations in the $f(R)$ model proposed by Starobinsky is studied in this paper. Three different parametric forms of the growth index are considered respectively and constraints on the model are obtained at both the $1\sigma$ and $2\sigma$ confidence levels, by using the current observational data for the growth factor. It is found, for all the three parametric forms of the growth index examined, that the Starobinsky model is consistent with the observations only at the $2\sigma$ confidence level.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Development of a real-time simulator of the radio frequency system for the XFEL toinvestigate the stability of the digital field-controller

An dem Beschleuniger XFEL bei DESY werden neunzellige supraleitende Beschleunigungsresonatoren benutzt werden. Ein derartiger Beschleunigungsresonator hat einen Beschleunigungsmode und Störungsmoden. Das elektromagnetische Feld im Beschleunigungsresonator wird mit einer speziellen Feldregelungselektronik gesteuert. Zur Untersuchung der Stabilität der Feldregelung werden zwei Simulationsmodelle eines Beschleunigungsresonators entwickelt. Das ein Modell simuliert den Beschleunigungsmode jedoch ohne Störungsmode, das andere berücksichtigt insbesondere den hauptsächlichen Störungsmode. Um schnelle realitätsnahe Ergebnisse zu erhalten, wird ein Echtzeitsimulator für einen Beschleunigungsresonator in einem FPGA entwickelt. Mit dem Echtzeitsimulator wird untersucht, wie der Störungsmode auf die Stabilität der Feldregelung wirkt.Nine-cell superconducting acceleration cavities will be used in the accelarator XFEL at DESY. This type of cavity can operate in either acceleration or disturbance modes. And a field controller is used to regulate the accelerating field. To investigate the stabillity of the field-controller, two simulation models were developed. One was designed only with the acceleration mode but no disturbance mode, the other was designed including the main disturbance mode. To get quick and realistic results, a real-time simulator for the cavity was developed and implemented in an FPGA. With this simulator it can be further investigated, how the interference mode affects the stablity of the field-controller