Mesoporous High‐Surface‐Area Copper–Tin Mixed‐Oxide Nanorods: Remarkable for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

Mesoporous, high‐surface‐area Cu–Sn mixed‐oxide nanorods were fabricated for the first time by nanocasting with the use of mesoporous KIT‐6 silica as the hard template. The Cu–Sn nanorods are significantly more active than 1 % Pd/SnO2 for the oxidation of CO and possesses long‐term durability and potent water resistance; they thus have the potential to replace noble metal catalysts for emission‐control processes.In rod we trust: Mesoporous, high‐surface‐area Cu–Sn nanorods are successfully fabricated for the first time by nanocasting with the use of KIT‐6 silica as the hard template; these nanomaterials are significantly more active than 1 % Pd/SnO2 for the oxidation of CO, and furthermore, they have the potential to replace noble metal catalysts for emission control.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/1/cctc201600221.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/2/cctc201600221-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/3/cctc201600221_am.pd

Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole injection in peptic ulcer and healthy volunteers

The pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole after a single intravenous dose of 30 mg was determined in 10 healthy volunteers and 10 peptic ulcers patients. In this work, a liquid-liquid extraction and enrichment method with RP-HPLC determination route was taken with high sensitivity and low limit detection of 5 ng/mL. The concentration-time curves in the two groups were best fitted to a two-compartment model, but their main kinetic parameters were remarkably different between healthy and ulcers volunteers. The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under the curve (AUC0t ) were increased from 975.8 ng/mL to 1298.7 ng/mL and from 1439 ng·h/mL to 2301 ng·h/mL, respectively, and peak time (tmax ) decreased from 0.36 h to 0.26 h. Meanwhile, the half life (t1/2 ) prolonged from 2.25 h to 2.91 h and the clearance (CL) reduced from 20.04 L/h to 13.96 L/h. That variability of lansoprazole pharmakinetic parameter indicates that ulcers have significant effect on its metabolic process.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Simultaneous quantification of nine flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba extract tablets by HPLC-DAD

A new HPLC-DAD method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of nine flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, quercitrin, quercetin, luteolin, genistein, kaempferol, apigenin, and isorhamnetin) in Ginkgo biloba tablets. The analytes were separated on a kromasil C18 column and recorded at 254 nm. The greatest resolution was achieved with methanol-0.1 % formic acid gradient at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 For all the analytes, the correlation coefficients for all the calibration plots (R2<0.999) showed good linearity over the range tested. The method was validated for repeatability, precision, stability, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness. The validated method has been successfully applied to simultaneous analysis of these active components in Ginkgo biloba tablets from different manufacturers.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Comparative study on the pharmacokinetic of lansoprazole in gastric ulcer and normal rabbits by HPLC-DAD

Gastric ulcer is one of ulcerous diseases and may result in some changes of many enzymes and transporters concerned with metabolism and disposal of drug. The pharmacokinetic of drug should be different between peptic ulcer and normal animals. Lansoprazole has been one of important medicine for treatment of ulcerous diseases. So, this paper investigated the difference of pharmacokinetic profiles of lansoprazole in gastric ulcer and normal rabbits in vivo by HPLC-DAD method. In this work, a liquid-liquid extraction and enrichment method with RP-HPLC determination route was taken. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by double-compartmental method (DAS2.0). The pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole in normal and ulcer rabbits were as follows: (614.42 ± 152.25) and (875.73 ± 316.34) mg h/L for AUC(0-6.5); (0.68 ± 0.12) and (0.83 ± 0.22) h for MRT(0-6.5), (0.52 ± 0.23) and (0.87 ± 0.42) h for t1/2 ; (6.13 ± 2.11) and (2.54 ± 1.65) L/h/kg for CL, respectivelyGastric ulcer is one of ulcerous diseases and may result in some changes of many enzymes and transporters concerned with metabolism and disposal of drug. The pharmacokinetic of drug should be different between peptic ulcer and normal animals. Lansoprazole has been one of important medicine for treatment of ulcerous diseases. So, this paper investigated the difference of pharmacokinetic profiles of lansoprazole in gastric ulcer and normal rabbits in vivo by HPLC-DAD method. In this work, a liquid-liquid extraction and enrichment method with RP-HPLC determination route was taken. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by double-compartmental method (DAS2.0). The pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole in normal and ulcer rabbits were as follows: (614.42 ± 152.25) and (875.73 ± 316.34) mg h/L for AUC(0-6.5); (0.68 ± 0.12) and (0.83 ± 0.22) h for MRT(0-6.5 , (0.52 ± 0.23) and (0.87 ± 0.42) h for t1/2 ; (6.13 ± 2.11) and (2.54 ± 1.65) L/h/kg for CL, respectivelyColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Gradient HPLC-DAD determination and pharmacokinetic study of Ginkgo biloba extract in rabbits

HPLC-DAD was used and validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids (rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorahamnetin) in rabbit plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Aglient Zorbax SB-C18 column (5 μm particle size, 250 mm × 4 . 6 mm i.d.) maintained at 35 ºC. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and 0.1 % formic acid water solution with a step linear gradient. At 1.0 ml/min flow rate, the eluent of five flavonoids were detected simultaneously at 350 nm with good separation. For all the analytes, the correlation coefficients for all the calibration plots (r > 0.999) showed good linearity over the range tested. The method was validated for precision, stability, accuracy, and selectivity. The validated method has been successfully applied to determine drug concentrations in plasma samples from rabbit that had been intravenously administrated Ginkgo biloba extract. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorahamnetin in rabbit after intravenously administration of 80 mg/kg EGb were as follows, t1/2: (2.134 ± 0.594), (3.408 ± 0.917), (1.919 ± 0.62), (1.171 ± 0.261), (1.829 ± 1.756) h; AUC0-∞: (3.661 ± 0.518), (1.584 ± 0.17), (9.951 ± 1.253), (1.002 ± 0.164), (0.373 ± 0.037) μg·h·L-1 ; MRT(0-t): (0.929 ± 0.132), (1.256 ± 0.038), (1.174 ± 0.065), (0.989 ± 0.099), (1.041 ± 0.117) h; Cl: (5.559 ± 0.814), (12.743 ± 1.304), (2.034 ± 0.224), (20.382 ± 3.165), (54.068 ± 5.474) L/h·kg.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Multiple compounds determination and fingerprint analysis of herbal preparation Shuang-Huang-Lian capsule by HPLC-DAD

The objective of this paper was to develop a high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection both for chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of twelve analytes of Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) capsule. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Aglient Zorbax SB-C18 column with a gradient elution program using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.2 % acetic acid as mobile phase within 110 min detected at 278 nm wavelength. For fingerprint analysis, 50 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities of different samples collected from different pharmaceutical companies in China, and two kinds of data, relative retention time and relative peak area were used to identify the common peaks in samples for investigation. SHL capsules from different batches of the same manufacturer or different manufacturers showed a close similarity. For quantitative analysis, linear regressions, limit of detection and quantification, intra-day and inter-day precisions, recovery, repeatability and stability were all tested and good results were obtained to simultaneously determine the 12 marker compounds in the samples. The validated method coupled with multiple compounds determination and fingerprint analysis is a powerful and meaningful tool to comprehensively conduct the quality control of TCM.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Seasonal patterns of canopy photosynthesis captured by remotely sensed sun-induced fluorescence and vegetation indexes in mid-to-high latitude forests : a cross-platform comparison

© The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Science of The Total Environment 644 (2018): 439-451, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.269.Characterized by the noticeable seasonal patterns of photosynthesis, mid-to-high latitude forests are sensitive to climate change and crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle. To monitor the seasonal cycle of the canopy photosynthesis from space, several remote sensing based indexes, such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and leaf area index (LAI), have been implemented within the past decades. Recently, satellite-derived sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) has shown great potentials of providing retrievals that are more related to photosynthesis process. However, the potentials of different canopy measurements have not been thoroughly assessed in the context of recent advances of new satellites and proposals of improved indexes. Here, we present a cross-site intercomparison of one emerging remote sensing based index of phenological index (PI) and two SIF datasets against the conventional indexes of NDVI, EVI and LAI to capture the seasonal cycles of canopy photosynthesis. NDVI, EVI, LAI and PI were calculated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, while SIF were evaluated from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) observations. Results indicated that GOME-2 SIF was highly correlated with gross primary productivity (GPP) and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) during the growing seasons. Key phenological metrics captured by SIF from GOME-2 and OCO-2 matched closely with photosynthesis phenology as inferred by GPP. However, the applications of OCO-2 SIF for phenological studies may be limited only for a small range of sites (at site-level) due to a limited spatial sampling. Among the MODIS estimations, PI and NDVI provided most reliable predictions of start of growing seasons, while no indexes accurately captured the end of growing seasons.This work was supported by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41676176 and 41676182), the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation, Assessment Program (Grant No. 312231103). This work was also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the 440 Central Universities2020-07-1

Synthesis of A83586C/citropeptin hybrid and synthetic studies toward azinothricin

The Azinothricin family of cyclodepsipeptides are a class of antitumour antibiotics whose antitumour properties are attributed to their ability to selectively repress the expression of genes essential for the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. They have been shown to inhibit E2F transcription factors, which are critical regulators of mammalian cellular proliferation. This biological observation has made them a potentially important new therapeutic target for the control of proliferative diseases, such as cancer. An asymmetric total synthesis of an A83586C-citropeptin hybrid is presented in this thesis, along with a synthetic route to the azinothricin cyclodepsipeptide. The A83586C- citropeptin hybrid will serve as a useful intracellular probe that will provide valuable insights into the mechanism of the antitumour action of this class, which may contribute to a greater understanding of cancer biology. The cyclodepsipeptide components of these molecules have been assembled via a 2+2+2 -fragment condensation strategy and a HATU-mediated macrolactamisation. In the case of the A83586C-citropeptin hybrid, a chemoselective coupling was performed between the fully elaborated N-hydroxybenzotriazole activated ester and the citropeptin cyclodepsipeptide

Age at Menarche, the Leg Length to Sitting Height Ratio, and Risk of Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women

To evaluate the associations of age at menarche and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio, markers of adolescent growth, with risk of diabetes in later life.Information from 69,385 women and 55,311 men, aged 40-74 years from the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study, were included in the current analyses. Diabetes status was ascertained through biennial in person follow-up. Cox models, with age as the time scale, were used.There were 2369 cases of diabetes (1831 women; 538 men) during an average of 7.3 and 3.6 years of follow-up of the women and men, respectively. In females, menarche age was inversely associated with diabetes risk after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income (HR = 0.95, 0.92-0.98). In both genders, leg length-to-sitting-height ratio was inversely related to diabetes (HR = 0.88, 0.80-0.97 for men; HR = 0.91, 0.86-0.96 for women) after adjustment for birth cohort, education, and income. Further adjustment for adult BMI at study enrollment completely eliminated the associations of age at menarche (HR = 0.99, 0.96-1.02) and the leg length-to-sitting-height ratio (HR = 1.00, 0.91-1.10 for men; HR = 1.01, 0.96-1.07 for women) with diabetes risk.Our study suggests that markers of an early age at peak height velocity, i.e. early menarche age and low leg-length-to-sitting height ratio, may be associated with diabetes risk later in life and this association is likely to be mediated through obesity

Combined Impact of Lifestyle-Related Factors on Total and Cause-Specific Mortality among Chinese Women: Prospective Cohort Study

Findings from the Shanghai Women's Health Study confirm those derived from other, principally Western, cohorts regarding the combined impact of lifestyle-related factors on mortality