A new error correction method for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations based on two local Gauss integrations

summary:A new error correction method for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations based on two local Gauss integrations is presented. Applying the orthogonal projection technique, we introduce two local Gauss integrations as a stabilizing term in the error correction method, and derive a new error correction method. In both the coarse solution computation step and the error computation step, a locally stabilizing term based on two local Gauss integrations is introduced. The stability and convergence of the new error correction algorithm are established. Numerical examples are also presented to verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method

Identification and Behavioral Evaluation of Sex Pheromone Components of the Chinese Pine Caterpillar Moth, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis

Background: The Chinese pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai and Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is the most important defoliator of coniferous trees in northern China. Outbreaks occur over enormous areas and often lead to the death of forests during 2–3 successive years of defoliation. The sex pheromone of D. tabulaeformis was investigated to define its chemistry and behavioral activity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Sex pheromone was collected from calling female D. tabulaeformis by headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and by solvent extraction of pheromone glands. Extracts were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), using antennae from male moths. Five components from the extracts elicited antennal responses. These compounds were identified by a combination of retention indices, electron impact mass spectral matches, and derivatization as (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12:OAc), (Z)-5-dodecenyl alcohol (Z5-12:OH), (5Z,7E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc), (5Z,7E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr), and (5Z,7E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). Behavioral assays showed that male D. tabulaeformis strongly discriminated against incomplete and aberrant blend ratios. The correct ratio of Z5,E7-12:OAc, Z5,E7-12:OH, and Z5,E7-12:OPr was essential for optimal upwind flight and source contact. The two monoenes, Z5-12:OAc and Z5-12:OH, alone or binary mixtures, had no effect on behavioral responses when added to the optimal threecomponen

A population-based study of inflammatory mechanisms and pain sensitivity

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Schistad, E. I., Kong, X. Y., Furberg, A.-S., Bäckryd, E., Grimnes, G., Emaus, N., ... Nielsen, C. S. (2019). A population-based study of inflammatory mechanisms and pain sensitivity. Pain, 161(2), 338-350. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001731Two recent studies suggest that experimental pain sensitivity is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. However, only 2 biomarkers have been identified, and the studies were conducted in adult individuals where confounding effects of comorbid diseases cannot be excluded. We therefore tested associations between pain sensitivity and 119 inflammation-related serum biomarkers in 827 healthy adolescents (15-19 years) in the population-based Tromsø Study: Fit Futures. The main outcome measure was cold-pressor pain tolerance (CPT), tested by placing the dominant hand in circulating cold (3°C) water for a maximum of 105 seconds. Secondary outcomes were heat and pressure pain threshold and tolerance. Twelve proteins and 6 fatty acids were significantly associated with CPT after adjustment for possible confounding factors and correction for multiple comparisons. Of these, all fatty acids and 10 proteins were protective, ie, higher biomarkers levels were associated with increased CPT, whereas 2 biomarkers were associated with lower tolerance. Taken together, these biomarkers predicted completion of the tolerance test with a C-statistic of 0.65. Results for heat and pressure pain tolerance were remarkably similar, strengthening the generalizability of our findings. In this cohort of young healthy individuals, we found a relationship between inflammation-related biomarkers and pain tolerance and thresholds. Biomarkers with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects predominated, suggesting that the development of prophylactic dietary or pharmaceutical treatments may be possible

Distribution, Morphological Characterization, and Resiniferatoxin-Susceptibility of Sensory Neurons That Innervate Rat Perirenal Adipose Tissue

Perirenal adipose tissue (PrAT) is a visceral adipose tissue involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases via neural pathways. However, the origins, morphological characterization, and resiniferatoxin (RTX)-susceptibility of sensory neurons that innervate rat PrAT are yet unclear. Using neural tracing, an injection of DiI (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) into PrAT revealed that sensory neurons that innervate PrAT reside in T9-L3 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Peak labeling occurred in T13 and L1 DRGs. Two distinct peaks were observed in cross-sectional areas of the labeled soma, and the mean cross-sectional area was 717.1 ± 27.7 μm2. Immunofluorescence staining for transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) separated DiI-positive neurons into three subpopulations: small TRPV1-negative, small TRPV1-positive, and large TRPV1-negative. Furthermore, the injection of RTX into PrAT reduced labeled cells by 36.7% where TRPV1-positive cells were the main target of RTX denervation. These novel findings provide a structural basis for future TRPV1-dependent and TRPV1-independent studies on the sensory innervation of PrAT, which may be of interest for future therapeutic obesity treatment and intervention

A series of di-, tri- and tetranuclear lanthanide clusters with slow magnetic relaxation for Dy(2) and Dy(4)

A series of dinuclear, trinuclear and tetranuclear lanthanide complexes, formulated as [Nd(2)(Acc)(6)(H(2)O)(4)](3) [Nd(2)(Acc)(6)(H(2)O)(6)]center dot Cl(24)center dot 8H(2)O (1), [Dy(2)(Acc)(4)(H(2)O)(8)]center dot Cl(6)center dot 5.89H(2)O (2), [Ln(3)(Acc)(10)(H(2)O)(6)]center dot(ClO(4))(9)center dot 4H(2)O (Ln La, (3); Nd, (4)) and [Ln(4)(mu(3)-OH)(4)(Acc)(6)(H(2)O)(7)(ClO(4))]center dot(ClO(4))(7)center dot 11H(2)O (Ln Dy, (5); Yb, (6)), have been synthesized through the reaction of 1-amino cyclohexanel-carboxylic acid (Acc) and LnCl(3)/Ln(ClO(4))(3). Crystal structure analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 2 show dinuclear lanthanide cluster, complexes 3 and 4 have three lanthanide ions with a linear arrangement, while complexes 5 and 6 exhibit a cubane-like [Ln(4)(mu 3-OH)(4)](8+) (Ln Dy and Yb) cluster core. Their structural variations are attributed to the effect of anions and lanthanide contraction. Magnetic studies indicate that the Dy(2) and Dy(4) clusters exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization.NNSFC[20825103, 2008J0010, 90922031, 20901064]; MSTC[2007CB815304]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2008J0010

Myo-inositol supported heterometallic Dy24M2 (M = Ni, Mn) cages

973 project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012CB821704]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21371144, 21390390, 90922031]; Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China [201219]Two heterometallic cage-like Dy24M2 (M = Ni, Mn) cluster compounds have been synthesized through self-assembly of the metal ions and myo-inositol ligand templated by three ClO4- anions