Associations between impulsivity, aggression, and suicide in Chinese college students

BACKGROUND: Although there are accumulating data regarding the epidemiology of suicide in China, there are meager data on suicidal ideation and attempts among college students. Interestingly, elevated impulsivity is thought to facilitate the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicidal behavior. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the associations between suicide and the personality factors of impulsivity and aggression. METHODS: This study’s sampling method employed stratified random cluster sampling. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select participants (n = 5,245). We conducted structured interviews regarding a range of socio-demographic characteristics and suicidal morbidity. The Patient Health Questionnaire depression module (PHQ-9) was used to acquire the information about thoughts of being better off dead or hurting themselves in some ways during the past two weeks. The impulsivity symptoms in this study were assessed with the BIS-11-CH (i.e., the Chinese version of the BIS-11), and the Aggressive symptoms were assessed with the BAQ. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) v.13.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Socio-demographic variables such as ethnic and gender were compared between groups, through the use of χ(2) tests. The nonparametric test (k Independent Sample test, Kruskal-Wallis H) was performed to determine differences between the personality factors of impulsivity and aggression and suicide. RESULTS: In total, 9.1% (n = 479) of the 5,245 students reported they have ever thought about committing suicide; and 1% (n = 51) reported a history of attempted suicide (attempters). The analyses detected significant differences in scores on cognitive impulsivity (p < 0.01), when comparing individuals who only had suicidal ideation and individuals who had attempted suicide. Moreover, significant differences were found between ideators only and attempters on scores of self-oriented attack (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is prevalent among Chinese university students. Students with high aggression scores were more susceptible to committing suicide. Scores on self-oriented attack and cognitive impulsivity may be important factors for differentially predicting suicide ideation and suicide attempts

Role of exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and EGFR-mutated lung cancer

As an important mediator of information transfer between cells, exosomes play a unique role in regulating tumor growth, supporting vascular proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids, and therefore they can be used as a potential tool for non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present study reviews the role of exosomes in liquid biopsy, tumor microenvironment formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy as a first-line treatment for patients with NSCLC, this study also briefly describes the occurrence of EGRF+ exosomes and the role of exosomes and their contents in non-invasive detection and potential therapeutic targets in EGFR-mutated lung cancer

ANTITUMOR AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF CUCURBITACIN A IN A-549 LUNG CARCINOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED VIA G2/M CELL CYCLE ARREST AND M-TOR/PI3K/AKT SIGNALLING PATHWAY.

Background: The main aim of this study was to demonstrate the antitumor potential of cucurbitacin A on A-549 NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer cells). The effects of Cucurbitacin A on apoptotic induction, cell physic, cell cycle failure and m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway were also investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods: MTT assay and clonogenic assay were carried out to study effects of this compound on cell cytotoxicity and colony forming tendency in A-549 cells. Moreover, phase and fluorescence microscopic techniques were used to examine the effects on cell morphology and induction of apoptosis. The effects on cell cycle phase distribution were investigated by flow cytometry and effects on m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. Results: Results showed that cucurbitacin A induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects along with suppressing the colony forming tendency in these cells. Cucurbitacin A also induced morphological changes in these cells featuring chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage and apoptotic body formation. G2/M phase cell cycle collapse was also induced by Cucurbitacin A along with inhibition of expression levels of m-TOR/PI3K/Akt proteins. Conclusions: In conclusion, cucurbitacin A inhibits cancer growth in A-549 NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis, targeting m-TOR/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and G2/M cell cycle

Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Risk Factors Affecting Clinical Outcomes in Intracranial Aneurysm Patients in a Multi-Center Study

Objective: Patients with poor-grade aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have commonly been considered to have a poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the independent risk factors affecting clinical outcomes in intracranial aneurysm patients with poor-grade aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) underwent different intervention therapies.Methods: A multicenter observational registry of 324 poor-grade aSAH patients treated at tertiary referral centers from October 2010 to March 2012 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data including patient characteristics on admission and during treatment course, treatment modality, aneurysm size and location, radiologic features, signs of cerebral herniation (dilated pupils), and functional neurologic outcome were collected. Clinical outcomes were assessed via a modified Rankin Scale at 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to develop prognostic models. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests were used to assess discrimination and calibration. WAP score was developed to predict risk of poor outcome.Results: Older age, female gender, ventilated breathing status, non-reactive pupil response, pupil dilation, lower GCS score, a WFNS grade of V, intraventricular hemorrhage, a higher Fisher grade, a higher modified Fisher grade, and conservative treatment were calculated to be associated with a relatively poor outcome. Multivariate analyses revealed that older age, lower Glasgow coma scale score (GCS), the absence of pupillary reactivity, higher modified Fisher grade, and conservative treatment were independent predictors of poor outcome, showed good discrimination and calibration. Patients with WFNS grade V, older age and non-reactive pupillary reactivity were predicted to have a poor outcome by WAP risk score.Conclusions: A simple WAP risk score had good discrimination and calibration in the prediction of outcome. The risk score can be easily measured and may complement treatment decision-making

High purity trigonal selenium nanorods growth via laser ablation under controlled temperature

通讯作者地址: Xie, ZX (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaBy utilizing laser ablation, high purity trigonal selenium nanorods with different size have been synthesized from selenium powders. The high purity of the nanorods is attributed to freestanding growth process without catalyst or template. Its morphologies depend on both substrate temperature and reaction time. By controlling the experimental conditions, selenium nanorods with lateral dimensions in different range can be synthesized ranging from 20 nm to several hundred nanometers in width, and up to 10 mum in lengths. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Low temperature solvothermal synthesis of crumpled carbon nanosheets

通讯作者地址: Xie, ZX (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Siming Nanlu 422, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected] carbon nanosheets have been successfully synthesized via a catalyst-free solvothermal route at very low temperatures (60-100 degreesC), using tetrachloromethane as the carbon source and potassium as the reductant. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern indicates that the products are hexagonal graphite. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy show that the thickness of crumpled carbon nanosheets ranges from 3 to 8 nm. Raman spectroscopy supports the existence of graphitized carbon at the nanoscale. BET experiments show that carbon nanosheets have a large surface area. Compared with previous methods to prepare graphite nanosheets, such a low reaction temperature has attractive advantages

Differentiation and Recruitment of Th9 Cells Stimulated by Pleural Mesothelial Cells in Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Newly discovered IL-9–producing CD4+ helper T cells (Th9 cells) have been reported to contribute to tissue inflammation and immune responses, however, differentiation and immune regulation of Th9 cells in tuberculosis remain unknown. In the present study, our data showed that increased Th9 cells with the phenotype of effector memory cells were found to be in tuberculous pleural effusion as compared with blood. TGF-β was essential for Th9 cell differentiation from naïve CD4+ T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in vitro for 5 h, and addition of IL-1β, IL-4 or IL-6 further augmented Th9 cell differentiation. Tuberculous pleural effusion and supernatants of cultured pleural mesothelial cells were chemotactic for Th9 cells, and this activity was partly blocked by anti-CCL20 antibody. IL-9 promoted the pleural mesothelial cell repairing and inhibited IFN-γ-induced pleural mesothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, pleural mesothelial cells promoted Th9 cell differentiation by presenting antigen. Collectively, these data provide new information concerning Th9 cells, in particular the collaborative immune regulation between Th9 cells and pleural mesothelial cells in human M. tuberculosis infection. In particular, pleural mesothelial cells were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate Th9 cell differentiation

Controllable growth of In(OH)(3) nanorods with rod-in-rod structure in a surfactant solution

通讯作者地址: Xie, SY (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Dept Chem, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R ChinaThe In(OH)(3) nanorods (25-55 nm in diameter and 120-200 nm in length) bearing parallel subunit nanorods (diameters ranging from 8 to 10 nm) were synthesized by controlling hydrolysis of indium nitrate in the presence of hexamethylene tetraamine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved