Aportación al conocimiento de las tricolomatáceas de Cataluña

Sobre la base de 555 recolecciones procedentes de 190 localidades de Catalufia, se da cuenta de 88 especies de Tricolomataceas (excluyendo Melanoleuca y Mycena) reconocidas. De ellas, las 11 siguientes constituyen nueva cita para la flora catalana: Armillariella cepestipes Vel., Armillariella obscura (Secr.) Romagn., Calocybe ionides (Bull, ex Fr.) Donk., Laccaria montana Sing., Lyophyllum fumatofoetens (Secr.) Schff., Marasmius tremulae Vel., Oudemansiella badia (Quél.) Moser, Resupinatus unguicularis (Fr.) Sing., Strobilurus stephanocystis (Hora) Sing., Strobilurus tenacellus (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing., Tricholoma flavobrunneum (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer.Contribution to the study of the Tricholomataceae of Catalonia. Based on 555 collections from 190 localities of Catalonia (NE Spain), a list is given of 88 species of Tricholomataceae (excuding Melanoleuca and Mycena) collected, with first hand chorological and ecological data. Some of them (11) are new records for Catalonia: Armillariella cepestipes Vel., Armillariella obscura (Secr.) Romagn., Calocybe ionides (Bull, ex Fr.) Donk., Laccaria montana Sing., Lyophyllum fumatofoetens (Secr.) Schff., Marasmius tremulae Vel., Oudemansiella badia (Quél.) Moser, Resupinatus unguicularis (Fr.) Sing., Strobilurus stephanocystis (Hora) Sing., Strobilurus tenacellus (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing., Tricholoma flavobrunneum (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer

Aportación al conocimiento de las tricolomatáceas de Cataluña

Contribution to the study of the Tricholomataceae of Catalonia. Based on 555 collections from 190 localities of Catalonia (NE Spain), a list is given of 88 species of Tricholomataceae (excuding Melanoleuca and Mycena) collected, with first hand chorological and ecological data. Some of them (11) are new records for Catalonia: Armillariella cepestipes Vel., Armillariella obscura (Secr.) Romagn., Calocybe ionides (Bull, ex Fr.) Donk., Laccaria montana Sing., Lyophyllum fumatofoetens (Secr.) Schff., Marasmius tremulae Vel., Oudemansiella badia (Quél.) Moser, Resupinatus unguicularis (Fr.) Sing., Strobilurus stephanocystis (Hora) Sing., Strobilurus tenacellus (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing., Tricholoma flavobrunneum (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer.Sobre la base de 555 recolecciones procedentes de 190 localidades de Catalufia, se da cuenta de 88 especies de Tricolomataceas (excluyendo Melanoleuca y Mycena) reconocidas. De ellas, las 11 siguientes constituyen nueva cita para la flora catalana: Armillariella cepestipes Vel., Armillariella obscura (Secr.) Romagn., Calocybe ionides (Bull, ex Fr.) Donk., Laccaria montana Sing., Lyophyllum fumatofoetens (Secr.) Schff., Marasmius tremulae Vel., Oudemansiella badia (Quél.) Moser, Resupinatus unguicularis (Fr.) Sing., Strobilurus stephanocystis (Hora) Sing., Strobilurus tenacellus (Pers. ex Fr.) Sing., Tricholoma flavobrunneum (Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer

One-particle inclusive CP asymmetries

One-particle inclusive CP asymmetries in the decays of the type B -> D(*) X are considered in the framework of a QCD based method to calculate the rates for one-particle inclusive decays.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 6 figures (eps). Analytical and numerical results unchanged, extended discussion of model assumptions and systematic uncertainties. Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D 62, 0960xx. Additional transparencies are available via the WWW at http://www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/Slides

Fertilidade do solo em sistemas agroflorestais.

Discussão sobre o tema desenvolvimento sustentável ocupa grande espaço na sociedade devido ao declínio na qualidade de vida no meio rural e urbano. A perda de qualidade de vida associa-se à intensa degradação dos recursos naturais atrelada à modernização da agricultura e ao aumento populacional das cidades. A agricultura é função da interação de fatores socioambientais e naturais, englobando dimensões sociais, culturais, políticas e econômicas. O desafio para uma agricultura sustentável passa pelo ajuste das relações socioeconômicas que governam o que é produzido, como é produzido e para quem é produzido. Isto necessita de uma abordagem que integra os princípios agronômicos, ecológicos e socioeconômicos à compreensão e avaliação do efeito das tecnologias sobre os sistemas agrícolas e a sociedade como um todo.Palestra

Too cold for invasions? Contrasting patterns of native and introduced ascidians in subantarctic and temperate Chile

10 páginas, 1 tabla, 2 figuras.We analysed the biodiversity of ascidians in two areas located in southern and northern Chile: Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan (53º latitude, subantarctic) and Coquimbo (29º latitude, temperate). The oceanographic features of the two zones are markedly different, with influence of the Humboldt Current in the north, and the Cape Horn Current System, together with freshwater influxes, in the Magellanic zone. Both regions were surveyed twice during 2013 by SCUBA diving and pulling ropes and aquaculture cages. Both artificial structures and natural communities were sampled. A total of 22 species were identified, three of them reported for the first time in Chilean waters: Lissoclinum perforatum, Synoicum georgianum, and Polyzoa minor. The first is an introduced species found here for the first time in the Pacific. No species occurred in both regions, highlighting the very different environmental conditions of subantarctic vs. temperate waters. In spite of exhaustive searches in aquaculture facilities and on artificial structures such as harbour docks and piers, no introduced species were found in the Punta Arenas area. Conversely, 5 out of 11 (45%) species found in northern Chile were introduced. The Coquimbo area has a history of ship traffic dating back at least 150 years, and cultures of native (e.g. scallop) as well as exotic species (e.g. abalone) have been deployed for ca. 35 years. Some of the introduced species, such as Ciona robusta (formerly C. intestinalis sp. A), constitute pests for scallop culture facilities in the area, causing serious losses to local farmers. It is surprising that the Punta Arenas zone, with a history of ship traffic dating back ca. 500 years and over 25 years of sustained mussel and salmon aquaculture activity, is apparently free from introduced species. The ascidian cover on artificial structures is high, but it is made up of native species such as Paramolgula sp., Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, or Polyzoa opuntia. It is hypothesized that cold waters (5 to 11ºC) are the determining factor hindering the development of introduced ascidians, which tend to be temperate-warm water species. The ongoing warming in the Southern Cone may change this picture and continued monitoring is strongly advised.This research was funded by CONICYT Chile (Grant 80122006). Additional funding was obtained by XT from the Spanish Government (project CHALLENGEN CTM2013-48163) and by JIC from University of Magallanes - UMAG/DI&P Grant PR-F2-01CRN- 12, CIMAR 18 & CIMAR 20 Fjords Chilean Navy, and GAIAAntarctic Project (MINEDUC-UMAG). RMR received a research grant from CNPq–National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (304768/2010-3).Peer reviewe

Ascidian fauna (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of subantarctic and temperate regions of Chile

30 páginas, 15 figuras, 2 tablasWe studied the ascidian fauna from two zones located in subantarctic (Punta Arenas, latitude 53º) and temperate Chile (Coquimbo, latitude 29º). The different oceanographic features of the two zones, with influence of the Humboldt Current in the north and the Cape Horn Current System and freshwater inputs in the south, led to markedly different ascidian faunas. A total of 22 species were recorded, with no shared species across the two areas (11 species each). The new species Polyzoa iosune is described, Lissoclinum perforatum is found for the first time in the Pacific Ocean, and Synoicum georgianum and Polyzoa minor are new to the Chilean fauna. The populations of Ciona in the Coquimbo area (formerly attributed to Ciona intestinalis) correspond to the species Ciona robusta. A total of 35 Cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of the standard barcode region have been obtained for 17 of the 22 species reported.This research was funded by CONICYT Chile (Grant 80122006). Additional funding was obtained by XT from the Spanish Government (project CHALLENGEN CTM2013-48163) and by JIC from University of Magallanes: UMAG/DI&P Grant PR-F2-01CRN-12, CIMAR 18 & CIMAR 20 Fjords Chilean Navy, and GAIA-Antarctic Project (MINEDUC-UMAG). RMR received a research grant from CNPq–National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (304768/2010-3).Peer reviewe

A review of Quantum Gravity at the Large Hadron Collider

The aim of this article is to review the recent developments in the phenomenology of quantum gravity at the Large Hadron Collider. We shall pay special attention to four-dimensional models which are able to lower the reduced Planck mass to the TeV region and compare them to models with a large extra-dimensional volume. We then turn our attention to reviewing the emission of gravitons (massless or massive) at the LHC and to the production of small quantum black holes.Comment: 32 pages, invited revie

Neural Modeling and Control of Diesel Engine with Pollution Constraints

The paper describes a neural approach for modelling and control of a turbocharged Diesel engine. A neural model, whose structure is mainly based on some physical equations describing the engine behaviour, is built for the rotation speed and the exhaust gas opacity. The model is composed of three interconnected neural submodels, each of them constituting a nonlinear multi-input single-output error model. The structural identification and the parameter estimation from data gathered on a real engine are described. The neural direct model is then used to determine a neural controller of the engine, in a specialized training scheme minimising a multivariable criterion. Simulations show the effect of the pollution constraint weighting on a trajectory tracking of the engine speed. Neural networks, which are flexible and parsimonious nonlinear black-box models, with universal approximation capabilities, can accurately describe or control complex nonlinear systems, with little a priori theoretical knowledge. The presented work extends optimal neuro-control to the multivariable case and shows the flexibility of neural optimisers. Considering the preliminary results, it appears that neural networks can be used as embedded models for engine control, to satisfy the more and more restricting pollutant emission legislation. Particularly, they are able to model nonlinear dynamics and outperform during transients the control schemes based on static mappings.Comment: 15 page

Kinematic modelling of a 3-axis NC machine tool in linear and circular interpolation

Machining time is a major performance criterion when it comes to high-speed machining. CAM software can help in estimating that time for a given strategy. But in practice, CAM-programmed feed rates are rarely achieved, especially where complex surface finishing is concerned. This means that machining time forecasts are often more than one step removed from reality. The reason behind this is that CAM routines do not take either the dynamic performances of the machines or their specific machining tolerances into account. The present article seeks to improve simulation of high-speed NC machine dynamic behaviour and machining time prediction, offering two models. The first contributes through enhanced simulation of three-axis paths in linear and circular interpolation, taking high-speed machine accelerations and jerks into account. The second model allows transition passages between blocks to be integrated in the simulation by adding in a polynomial transition path that caters for the true machining environment tolerances. Models are based on respect for path monitoring. Experimental validation shows the contribution of polynomial modelling of the transition passage due to the absence of a leap in acceleration. Simulation error on the machining time prediction remains below 1%

Preliminary morphologic and molecular study of teh Entoloma rusticoides group (Agaricales - Basidiomycota)

Es presenta un estudi sobre el grup rusticoides del gènere Entoloma subgènere Claudopus a la Península Ibérica. L'anàlisi filogenètica, sobre la base de 48 seqüències d'ITS i 45 seqüències de LSU, entre les quals, les dels tipus de 8 dels tàxons analitzats, mostra una marcada diversitat genètica que concorda amb la notable variabilitat observada en aquest grup. D'acord amb aquest fet, es descriuen els següents nous tàxons: E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum i E. phaeocarpum. A més, es tipifiquen E. phaeocyathus i E. rusticoides. S'inclouen claus provisionals d'identificació. S'aporten descripcions macro i microscòpiques, dibuixos i fotografies de la majoria dels tàxons estudiats.A study of the Entoloma rusticoides-group (subgenus Claudopus) in the Iberian peninsula is presented. Phylogenetic inference, based on 48 nrITS and 45 28S nrLSU sequences, including those of 8 type specimens, revealed a high genetic diversity, in accordance with the observed morphological variability in this group. In addition new taxa are proposed to accomodate independent lineages (E. almeriense, E. graphitipes f. cystidiatum, E. halophilum, E. muscoalpinum and E. phaeocarpum) and the typification of E. phaeocyathus and E. rusticoides is proposed. Preliminary taxonomic keys are included to help identification. For most species macro and microscopic descriptions, drawings and photographs are presented