11,786 research outputs found
Boundary versus bulk behavior of time-dependent correlation functions in one-dimensional quantum systems
We study the influence of reflective boundaries on time-dependent responses
of one-dimensional quantum fluids at zero temperature beyond the low-energy
approximation. Our analysis is based on an extension of effective mobile
impurity models for nonlinear Luttinger liquids to the case of open boundary
conditions. For integrable models, we show that boundary autocorrelations
oscillate as a function of time with the same frequency as the corresponding
bulk autocorrelations. This frequency can be identified as the band edge of
elementary excitations. The amplitude of the oscillations decays as a power law
with distinct exponents at the boundary and in the bulk, but boundary and bulk
exponents are determined by the same coupling constant in the mobile impurity
model. For nonintegrable models, we argue that the power-law decay of the
oscillations is generic for autocorrelations in the bulk, but turns into an
exponential decay at the boundary. Moreover, there is in general a nonuniversal
shift of the boundary frequency in comparison with the band edge of bulk
excitations. The predictions of our effective field theory are compared with
numerical results obtained by time-dependent density matrix renormalization
group (tDMRG) for both integrable and nonintegrable critical spin- chains
with , and .Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure
Do Better Neighborhoods for MTO Families Mean Better Schools?
Explores the factors that kept children who moved to safer, lower-poverty neighborhoods through the Moving to Opportunity program from accessing better schools, such as lack of change in school district, lack of parental choice, and lack of information
The dipole anisotropy of WISE x SuperCOSMOS number counts
We probe the isotropy of the Universe with the largest all-sky photometric
redshift dataset currently available, namely WISE~~SuperCOSMOS. We
search for dipole anisotropy of galaxy number counts in multiple redshift
shells within the range, for two subsamples drawn from the
same parent catalogue. Our results show that the dipole directions are in good
agreement with most of the previous analyses in the literature, and in most
redshift bins the dipole amplitudes are well consistent with CDM-based
mocks in the cleanest sample of this catalogue. In the range, however,
we obtain a persistently large anisotropy in both subsamples of our dataset.
Overall, we report no significant evidence against the isotropy assumption in
this catalogue except for the lowest redshift ranges. The origin of the latter
discrepancy is unclear, and improved data may be needed to explain it.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Published in MNRA
Quantum anisotropic Heisenberg chains with superlattice structure: a DMRG study
Using the density matrix renormalization group technique, we study spin
superlattices composed of a repeated pattern of two spin-1/2 XXZ chains with
different anisotropy parameters. The magnetization curve can exhibit two
plateaus, a non trivial plateau with the magnetization value given by the
relative sizes of the sub-chains and another trivial plateau with zero
magnetization. We find good agreement of the value and the width of the
plateaus with the analytical results obtained previously. In the gapless
regions away from the plateaus, we compare the finite-size spin gap with the
predictions based on bosonization and find reasonable agreement. These results
confirm the validity of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid superlattice description
of these systems.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Sinorhizobium Meliloti, A Bacterium Lacking The Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) Synthase, Responds To AI-2 Supplied By Other Bacteria
Many bacterial species respond to the quorum-sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2) by regulating different niche-specific genes. Here, we show that Sinorhizobium meliloti, a plant symbiont lacking the gene for the AI-2 synthase, while not capable of producing AI-2 can nonetheless respond to AI-2 produced by other species. We demonstrate that S. meliloti has a periplasmic binding protein that binds AI-2. The crystal structure of this protein (here named SmlsrB) with its ligand reveals that it binds (2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran (R-THMF), the identical AI-2 isomer recognized by LsrB of Salmonella typhimurium. The gene encoding SmlsrB is in an operon with orthologues of the lsr genes required for AI-2 internalization in enteric bacteria. Accordingly, S. meliloti internalizes exogenous AI-2, and mutants in this operon are defective in AI-2 internalization. S. meliloti does not gain a metabolic benefit from internalizing AI-2, suggesting that AI-2 functions as a signal in S. meliloti. Furthermore, S. meliloti can completely eliminate the AI-2 secreted by Erwinia carotovora, a plant pathogen shown to use AI-2 to regulate virulence. Our findings suggest that S. meliloti is capable of \u27eavesdropping\u27 on the AI-2 signalling of other species and interfering with AI-2-regulated behaviours such as virulence
Dynamics of entanglement in a two-dimensional spin system
We consider the time evolution of entanglement in a finite two dimensional
transverse Ising model. The model consists of a set of 7 localized spin-1/2
particles in a two dimensional triangular lattice coupled through nearest
neighbor exchange interaction in presence of an external time dependent
magnetic field. The magnetic field is applied in different function forms:
step, exponential, hyperbolic and periodic. We found that the time evolution of
the entanglement shows an ergodic behavior under the effect of the time
dependent magnetic fields. Also we found that while the step magnetic field
causes great disturbance to the system creating rabid oscillations, the system
shows great controllability under the effect of the other magnetic fields where
the entanglement profile follows closely the shape of the applied field even
with the same frequency for periodic fields. This follow up trend breaks down
as the strength of the field, the transition constant for exponential and
hyperbolic, or frequency for periodic field increase leading to rapid
oscillations. We observed that the entanglement is very sensitive to the
initial value of the applied periodic field, the smaller the initial value the
less distorted is the entanglement profile. Furthermore, the effect of thermal
fluctuations is very devastating to the entanglement which decays very rapidly
as the temperature increases. Interestingly, although large value of the
magnetic field strength may yield small entanglement, it was found to be more
persistent against thermal fluctuations than the small field strengths
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