Identification of the begomovirus resistance genes Ty‑2 and Ty‑3 in tomato genotypes

O  objetivo  deste  trabalho foi  identificar  a  presença  dos genes  Ty‑2 e Ty‑3, de resistência a begomovírus, em acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os oligonucleotídeos TO302 F/R e FLUW25 F/R foram utilizados em reações de PCR, para verificar a presença de marcadores relacionados aos genes Ty‑2 e Ty‑3, respectivamente. Observou-se a presença do gene Ty‑2, em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), e do gene Ty‑3, em homozigose nas subamostras BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum)  e  em heterozigose  na subamostra BGH-6881. A identificação dos genes de resistência, com reações de PCR, representa um avanço para os programas de melhoramento de tomateiro no Brasil.The objective of this work was to identify the presence of the genes begomovirus resistence Ty‑2 and Ty‑3 in tomato accessions of the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The oligonucleotides TO302 F/R and FLUW25 F/R were used in PCR analysis to verify the presence of markers associated to the genes Ty‑2 and Ty‑3, respectively. The Ty‑2 gene was observed in heterozygosis in the accession BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), and the Ty‑3 gene in homozygosis in the accessions BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum), and in heterozygosis in acession BGH-6881. The identification of resistance genes, using PCR analysis, represents an advance for tomato breeding programs in Brazil

Identificação dos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3 de resistência a begomovírusem genótipos de tomateiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença dos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3, de resistência a begomovírus, em acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os oligonucleotídeos TO302 F/R e FLUW25 F/R foram utilizados em reações de PCR, para verificar a presença de marcadores relacionados aos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3, respectivamente. Observou-se a presença do gene Ty-2, em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), e do gene Ty-3, em homozigose nas subamostras BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum) e em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881. A identificação dos genes de resistência, com reações de PCR, representa um avanço para os programas de melhoramento de tomateiro no Brasil.The objective of this work was to identify the presence of the genes begomovirus resistence Ty-2 and Ty-3 in tomato accessions of the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The oligonucleotides TO302 F/R and FLUW25 F/R were used in PCR analysis to verify the presence of markers associated to the genes Ty-2 and Ty-3, respectively. The Ty-2 gene was observed in heterozygosis in the accession BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), and the Ty-3 gene in homozygosis in the accessions BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum), and in heterozygosis in acession BGH-6881. The identification of resistance genes, using PCR analysis, represents an advance for tomato breeding programs in Brazil

Fish assemblage of the Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area, NE Brazil: abundance, composition and microhabitat availability along the mangrove-reef gradient

Reefs, mangroves and seagrass biotopes often occur in close association, forming a complex and highly productive ecosystem that provide significant ecologic and economic goods and services. Different anthropogenic disturbances are increasingly affecting these tropical coastal habitats leading to growing conservation concern. In this field-based study, we used a visual census technique (belt transects 50 m x 2 m) to investigate the interactions between fishes and microhabitats at the Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef system, NE Brazil. Overall, 144 belt transects were performed from October 2007 to September 2008 to assess the structure of the fish assemblage. Fish trophic groups and life stage (juveniles and adults) were recorded according to literature, the percent cover of the substrate was estimated using the point contact method. Our results revealed that fish composition gradually changed from the Estuarine to the Reef zone, and that fish assemblage was strongly related to the microhabitat availability, as suggested by the predominance of carnivores at the Estuarine zone and presence of herbivores at the Reef zone. Fish abundance and diversity were higher in the Reef zone and estuary margins, highlighting the importance of structural complexity. A pattern of nursery area utilization, with larger specimens at the Transition and Reef Zone and smaller individuals at the Estuarine zone, was recorded for Abudefduf saxatilis, Anisotremus surinamensis, Lutjanus alexandrei, and Lutjanus jocu. Our findings clearly suggests ecosystem connectivity between mangrove, seagrass and reef biotopes, and highlighted the importance of Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef System as a priority area for conservation and research, whose habitat mosaics should be further studied and protected

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data