372 research outputs found
Hardening mechanism of commercially pure Mg processed by high pressure torsion at room temperature
Coarse-grained Mg in the as-cast condition and fine-grained Mg in the extruded condition were processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature for up to 16 turns. Microstructure observation and texture analysis indicate that to fulfil the Von Mises criterion, the non-basal slip is activated in the as-cast Mg and tension twinning is activated in the as-extruded Mg. Although the deformation mechanism is different in the as-cast Mg and the as-extruded Mg during HPT, their hardening evolutions are similar, i.e. after 1/8 turn of HPT, microhardness of the as-cast Mg and the extruded Mg both show a significant increase and further HPT processing does not significantly further increase the microhardness. Texture strengthening can explain the rapid hardening. Hardness anisotropy and texture data results suggest that texture strengthening plays an important role for both types of samples. Texture strengthening weakens with decreasing grain size
Aspisol inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis in breast cancer
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, which is considered to be an important mechanism for their anti-tumor activity and cancer prevention. However, the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds induce apoptosis are not well understood. Aim: to determine the effects of nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, aspisol on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The cytotoxic activity of aspisol was evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis index of cells was measured by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expressions of COX-2 and caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax was analyzed by Western blot analysis. The content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in MDA-MB-231 cells was estimated by ELISA. In vivo apoptosis of the tumor cells was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Results: Our results showed that aspisol reduced viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in time- and dose- dependent fashions and induced apoptosis by increase of caspase-3 and bax expressions while decrease of COX-2 and bcl-2 expression in vitro. In addition, exposure to aspisol decreased the basal release of PGE2. In vivo, aspisol also inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and induced their apoptosis. Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo data indicated that the antitumor effects of aspisol on breast cancer cells was probably mediated by the induction of apoptosis, and it could be linked to the downregulation of the COX-2 or bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of caspase-3 or bax expression.ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ· Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ.
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ-2 (COX-2) β Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π° β Π½Π° Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ in vitro ΠΈ in vivo. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MDA-MB-231 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ MTT-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² COX-2 ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ bcl-2 ΠΈ bax ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π³Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°
E2
(PGE2
) Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
MDA-MB-231 ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ELISA. In vivo Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ-ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ (ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ TUNEL). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ:
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ» ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MDA-MB-231 in vitro ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»
ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ· Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΠΈ bax, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ COX-2 ΠΈ bcl-2. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
in vivo Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π» ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ in vitro ΠΈ in vivo, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ COX-2 ΠΈ bcl-2, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΠΈ bax
Universal structure of the edge states of the fractional quantum Hall states
We present an effective theory for the bulk fractional quantum Hall states on
the Jain sequences on closed surfaces and show that it has a universal form
whose structure does not change from fraction to fraction. The structure of
this effective theory follows from the condition of global consistency of the
flux attachment transformation on closed surfaces. We derive the theory of the
edge states on a disk that follows naturally from this globally consistent
theory on a torus. We find that, for a fully polarized two-dimensional electron
gas, the edge states for all the Jain filling fractions have
only one propagating edge field that carries both energy and charge, and two
non-propagating edge fields of topological origin that are responsible for the
statistics of the excitations. Explicit results are derived for the electron
and quasiparticle operators and for their propagators at the edge. We show that
these operators create states with the correct charge and statistics. It is
found that the tunneling density of states for all the Jain states scales with
frequency as .Comment: 10 page
Quantum Hall Fluids
We review the effective field theory treatment of topological quantum fluids,
focussing on the Hall fluids.Comment: 82 pages, TeX, Preprint ITP (This version comes with ALL the MACROS
appended at the end of the file)
Size Dependence of Residual Thermal Stresses in Micro Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors by Using Finite Element Unit Cell Model Including Strain Gradient Effect
The residual thermal stresses induced by the high-temperature sintering process in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are investigated by using a finite element unit cell model, in which the strain gradient effect is considered. The numerical results show that the residual thermal stresses depend on the lateral margin length, the thickness ratio of the dielectrics layer to the electrode layer, and the MLCC size. At a given thickness ratio, as the MLCC size is scaled down, the peak shear stress reduces significantly and the normal stresses along the length and thickness directions change slightly with the decrease in the ceramic layer thickness td as td >1 ΞΌm, but as td <1 ΞΌm, the normal stress components increase sharply with the increase in td. Thus, the residual thermal stresses induced by the sintering process exhibit strong size effects and, therefore, the strain gradient effect should be taken into account in the design and evaluation of MLCC devices.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ², Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΡ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Ρ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ 1 ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ 1 ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎ Π·Ρ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°Π³ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²
Skyrmions in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
It is verified that, at small Zeeman energies, the charged excitations in the
vicinity of 1/3 filled Landau level are skyrmions of composite fermions,
analogous to the skyrmions of electrons near filling factor unity. These are
found to be relevant, however, only at very low magnetic fields.Comment: 13 pages including 2 postscript figures; accepted for publication in
Solid State Communications (1996
Skyrmion Excitations in Quantum Hall Systems
Using finite size calculations on the surface of a sphere we study the
topological (skyrmion) excitation in quantum Hall system with spin degree of
freedom at filling factors around . In the absence of Zeeman energy, we
find, in systems with one quasi-particle or one quasi-hole, the lowest energy
band consists of states with , where and are the total orbital and
spin angular momentum. These different spin states are almost degenerate in the
thermodynamic limit and their symmetry-breaking ground state is the state with
one skyrmion of infinite size. In the presence of Zeeman energy, the skyrmion
size is determined by the interplay of the Zeeman energy and electron-electron
interaction and the skyrmion shrinks to a spin texture of finite size. We have
calculated the energy gap of the system at infinite wave vector limit as a
function of the Zeeman energy and find there are kinks in the energy gap
associated with the shrinking of the size of the skyrmion. breaking ground
state is the state with one skyrmion of infinite size. In the presence of
Zeeman energy, the skyrmion size is determined by the interplay of the Zeeman
energy and electron-electronComment: 4 pages, 5 postscript figures available upon reques
Mott Transition in An Anyon Gas
We introduce and analyze a lattice model of anyons in a periodic potential
and an external magnetic field which exhibits a transition from a Mott
insulator to a quantum Hall fluid. The transition is characterized by the anyon
statistics, , which can vary between Fermions, , and Bosons,
. For bosons the transition is in the universality class of the
classical three-dimensional XY model. Near the Fermion limit, the transition is
described by a massless Dirac theory coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge
field. Analytic calculations perturbative in , and also a large
N-expansion, show that due to gauge fluctuations, the critical properties of
the transition are dependent on the anyon statistics. Comparison with previous
calcualations at and near the Boson limit, strongly suggest that our lattice
model exhibits a fixed line of critical points, with universal critical
properties which vary continuosly and monotonically as one passes from Fermions
to Bosons. Possible relevance to experiments on the transitions between
plateaus in the fractional quantum Hall effect and the magnetic field-tuned
superconductor-insulator transition are briefly discussed.Comment: text and figures in Latex, 41 pages, UBCTP-92-28, CTP\#215
Haldane's Fractional Exclusion Statistics for Multicomponent Systems
The idea of fractional exclusion statistics proposed by Haldane is applied to
systems with internal degrees of freedom, and its thermodynamics is examined.
In case of one dimension, various bulk quantities calculated show that the
critical behavior of such systems can be described by conformal field
theories and conformal weights are completely characterized by statistical
interactions. It is also found that statistical interactions have intimate
relationship with a topological order matrix in Chern-Simons theory for the
fractional quantum Hall effect.Comment: 12 pages, Revtex, preprint YITP/K-107
Mixed States of Composite Fermions Carrying Two and Four Vortices
There now exists preliminary experimental evidence for some fractions, such
as = 4/11 and 5/13, that do not belong to any of the sequences
, and being integers. We propose that these states
are mixed states of composite fermions of different flavors, for example,
composite fermions carrying two and four vortices. We also obtain an estimate
of the lowest-excitation dispersion curve as well as the transport gap; the
gaps for 4/11 are smaller than those for 1/3 by approximately a factor of 50.Comment: Accepted for PRB rapid communication (scheduled to appear in Nov 15,
2000 issue
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