Ground-based 1- to 32-microns observations of ARP 220: Evidence for a dust-embedded AGN?

New observations of the 10 and 20 micron size of the emission region in Arp 220 are presented. Also given are ground based photometry from 1 to 32 micron including measurements of the strength of the silicate feature at 10 micron. The results show that the 20 micron size of Arp is smaller than 1.5 arcsec (500 pc); comparison of IRAS and ground based observations show that IRAS 12 micron flux measured with a large arcmin beam is the same as that seen from the ground with a 3 arcsec aperture. At 10 micron a deep silicate absorption feature is seen that corresponds to a visual extinction of about 50 mag. These results suggest that a very significant portion of the 10 to the 12th power L sub 0 infrared luminosity from Arp 220 comes from a region less than or of the order of 500 pc in diameter. When these results are combined with recent measurement of a broad Brackett alpha line by DePoy and an unresolved 2.2 micron source by Neugebauer, Matthews and Scoville, a very attractive possibility for the primary luminosity source Arp 220 is a dust embedded compact Seyfert type nucleus

Two-micron spectrophotometry of the galaxy NGC 253

A very strong Brackett-gamma hydrogen emission line, and the 2.3 micron CO stellar absorption feature were measured in NGC 253. The presence and strength of the CO feature indicates that late type giant stars produce most of the 2.2 micron continuum emission, while the rate of ionization implied by strength of the Brackett-gamma line indicates that much, perhaps all, of the luminosity detected at far infrared wavelengths originates from a large number of OB stars. As compared to the corresponding region of the Galaxy, the number of massive young stars in the central 200 pc of NGC 253 is thirty times greater, but the total mass of stars is roughly the same

Not Quite Out on the Streets: Examining Protective and Risk Factors for Housing Insecurity among Low-Income Urban Fathers

It has long been acknowledged that housing is essential for access to employment, social services, healthcare, and other forms of assistance that help move people out of poverty. Through identifying dimensions of housing insecurity, policymakers, as well as researchers, will have a better understanding of the protective factors that make families more secure and the risk factors that raise their level of insecurity. These analyses use resident and non-resident, low-income, urban fathers’ responses to the five publicly available waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (n = 4378) dataset to examine the relationship between protective and risk factors and housing insecurity. As access to protective factors increases, fathers’ risk of housing semi-insecurity and insecurity decreases, and as fathers are more exposed to risk factors, both their housing semi-insecurity and insecurity risks increase

Exploring Predictors of Parent Involvement for Rural Head Start Children

In the present study we examined parent participation in an extrafamilial context (Head Start) and the family and child development conditions that predicted such participation. Participants included 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds and their parents in the Northern Utah and Southeastern Idaho areas. The families were grouped according to the child\u27s previous Head Start experience: those who had received home-based services in year one followed by center-based services in the second year ( l-IB to CB); those who had received no services in year one and home-based services in year two (HB only); and those families who had received no services in year one and center-based services in year two (CB only). Pa rent involvement was measured using the Family Involvement Questionnaire (FIQ) which measured parent involvement according to three factors: home-based involvement (II Bl), school-based involvement (SBJ), and home-school conferencing (1-lSC). The children\u27s development assessments included the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional Scale (ASQ:SE) and the Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Third Edition (DIAL 3). Through using the FIQ, this study investigated the predictors of the type and quantity of parental involvement using class grouping (l-IB to CB, l-IB only, & CB only), family demographics. and children\u27s ASQ:SE, and DIAL 3 scores as independent variables. Our study revealed that even though the class grouping had no significant relation to parent involvement, there were a few independent variables that were beneficial in predicting parents\u27 involvement. The most significant finding was that the child \u27s ASQ:SE score could be used to help predict the variance in both home-based involvement and school-based involvement activities. This study found that the higher the number of the ASQ:SE score, the parents were less likely to participate in home-based and school-based activities. Other interesting findings included that as the number or children increased, the amount of home-based parent involvement decreased. In addition to this, we found that if the parents were European-American and married, they were more likely to report being involved in home-school conferencing activities

Experimental and bond graph based sensitivity calculations for micro-scale robust engineering design

Copyright @ 2005 IEEEBond graph modeling and sensitivity analysis are used to provide a platform for the robust design of a small mechatronic device, a behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid. Two key components of the device, namely the telecoil and the receiver, are considered. Experimental measurements, bond graph simulation models and analytic sensitivity analysis are used to investigate the interaction between these components in order to gain insight into the effect of component placement on the robustness of the final product

The Effects of an Educational Program on Recognition of Atypical Signs and Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Women in the Emergency Room

According to the American Heart Association (2010), in the United States every 36 seconds someone dies from heart and blood vessel disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) estimate that one in six deaths in the US is related to coronary artery disease. When diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, which is an acute event, resulting from CAD, appropriate treatment greatly reduces the risk of refractory ischemia, need for urgent revascularization, and death. Women are less likely to be urgently diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, receive thrombolytic therapy, or undergo percutaneous coronary intervention than men, thereby increasing their mortality and morbidity (Bell et al., 1999). There is a need to educate the providers in a rural hospital\u27s emergency department on the atypical signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome in women that present to the ED to facilitate emergent treatment. The objectives of the educational program were to increase provider knowledge about the atypical signs and symptoms of ACS with which women present to the ED as measured by an increase in CORE measures: TNKase in less than 30 minutes from arrival in the ED, number of women who received ASA in the ED, and EKG in less than 10 minutes from arrival at the ED.;This capstone project used a one group pretest -- posttest quasi-experimental design with a convenience sample of ED providers. The total number of eligible provider participants was 75. Fifty-four (72%) participated in the 39 minute educational intervention and completed both the pre and post-test. There was a 30% increase in provider knowledge from pre to post test, p\u3c0.001. There were 23,385 patients seen in the ED during the intervention time frame. Of those, 1,182 met criteria for inclusion. There was a 52% increase in women who received TNKase in less than 30 minutes from their arrival time in the ED, a 0.8% increase in the number of women who received ASA in the ED and a 4% decrease in obtaining an EKG in less than 10 minutes. The intervention proved to be successful in increasing the knowledge of providers in the recognition of atypical signs and symptoms of ACS, increasing the number of women who received ASA in less than 10 minutes, increasing TNKase administration in less than 30 minutes, and minimally increasing EKG administration. Further follow-up is warranted on the impact of the intervention longitudinally

Organizational Structure of Open Source Projects: A Life Cycle Approach

The structure of open source project communities is discussed in relation to the organizational life cycle. In lieu of sales figures, the download counts for each project are used to identify the life cycle stage of a random sample of open source projects. A research model is proposed that attempts to measure the fit between the life cycle stage and the specific organizational characteristics of these projects (focus, division of labor, role of the leader, level of commitment, and coordination/control) as an indicator of the success of a project as measured by the satisfaction and involvement of both developers and users

Leadership and Motivation in Open Source Projects

There are nearly 75,000 open source projects and over 750,000 registered users on Sourceforge.net. Yet few of them are successful in attracting other developers and users to participate in the design, testing, and use of the intended software package. Why are some project leaders able to grow their project teams and guide their projects toward completion while others are stalled or abandoned? What attracts participants to a project and why do they continue to work on a project from which they can leave at any time? Using a model based on the Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and self-concept theory, this paper attempts to identify both the sources of motivation for participants in open source projects and the leadership behaviors that attract and motivate them to complete the project

Research Agenda for Studying Open Source II: View Through the Lens of Referent Discipline Theories

In a companion paper [Niederman et al., 2006] we presented a multi-level research agenda for studying information systems using open source software. This paper examines open source in terms of MIS and referent discipline theories that are the base needed for rigorous study of the research agenda

A Research Agenda for Studying Open Source I: A Multi-Level Framework

This paper presents a research agenda for studying information systems using open source software A multi-level research model is developed at five discrete levels of analysis: (1) the artifact; (2) the individual; (3) the team, project, and community; (4) the organization; and (5) society. Each level is discussed in terms of key issues within the level. Examples are based on prior research. In a companion paper, [Niederman, et al 2006], we view the agenda through the lens of referent discipline theories