Cardiopulmonary exercise tests of adolescent elite sport climbers–a comparison of the German junior national team in sport climbing and Nordic skiing

Introduction: All the research investigating the cardiopulmonary capacity in climbers is focused on predictors for climbing performance. The effects of climbing on the cardiovascular system in adolescents climbing at an elite level (national team) have not been evaluated. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performed on a cycle ergometer during the annual medical examination of the entire German Junior National climbing team on one occasion and for a selected subgroup on two occasions spaced two years apart. The data from the subgroup was compared to an age- and gen der-matched control of Nordic skiers from the German Junior National Nordic skiing team. Results: 47 climbers (20 girls, 27 boys) were examined once. The VO2peak achieved by the athletes was 41.3 mL kg−1 min−1 (boys) and 39.8 mL kg−1 min−1 (girls). 8 boys and 6 girls were tested twice over a period of 27.5 months. The parameters of the exercise test measured on both occasions were significantly lower than those of the 8 male and 6 female Nordic skiers. There was no change with respect to any variables (e.g. VO2peak, peak work load, peak heart rate, peak lactate or O2 pulse) over the examined period. Conclusions: The elite climbers investigated in this study showed comparable VO2peak values to athletes from team and combat sports. The Nordic skiers to which they were compared showed significantly higher values consistent with the fact that this is an endurance sport. Even though the cardiopulmonary measurements of the Nordic skiers still improved after two years of training, no adaptations could be observed in the elite climber

Associate K^0 production in p+p collisions at 3.5 GeV: The role of Delta(1232)++

An exclusive analysis of the 4-body final states $\mathrm{\Lambda + p + \pi^{+} + K^{0}}$ and $\mathrm{\Sigma^{0} + p + \pi^{+} + K^{0}}$ measured with HADES for p+p collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 3.5 GeV is presented. The analysis uses various phase space variables, such as missing mass and invariant mass distributions, in the four particle event selection (p, $\pi^+$, $\pi^+$, $\pi^-$) to find cross sections of the different production channels, contributions of the intermediate resonances $\mathrm{\Delta^{++}}$ and $\mathrm{\Sigma(1385)^{+}}$ and corresponding angular distributions. A dominant resonant production is seen, where the reaction $\mathrm{\Lambda + \Delta^{++} + K^{0}}$ has an about ten times higher cross section ($\mathrm{29.45\pm0.08^{+1.67}_{-1.46}\pm2.06\,\mu b}$) than the analogous non-resonant reaction ($\mathrm{2.57\pm0.02^{+0.21}_{-1.98}\pm0.18\,\mu b}$). A similar result is obtained in the corresponding $\Sigma^{0}$ channels with $\mathrm{9.26\pm0.05^{+1.41}_{-0.31}\pm0.65\,\ mu b}$ in the resonant and $\mathrm{1.35\pm0.02^{+0.10}_{-1.35}\pm0.09\,\mu b}$ in the non-resonant reactions.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Cardiopulmonary exercise tests of adolescent elite sport climbers–a comparison of the German junior national team in sport climbing and Nordic skiing

Abstract Background: All the research investigating the cardiopulmonary capacity in climbers focused on predictors for climbing performance. The effects of climbing on the cardiovascular system in adolescents climbing at an elite level (national team) have not been evaluated. A retrospective analysis of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performed on a cycle ergometer during the yearly medical examination of the entire German Junior National climbing team on one occasion and for a selected subgroup on two occasions spaced two years apart was undertaken. The data from the subgroup was compared to an age- and gender-matched control of nordic skiers from the German Junior National nordic skiing team. Results: 47 climbers (20 girls, 27 boys) were examined once. The peak oxygen consumption (B achieved by the athletes was 41.3 mL kg-1 min-1 (boys) and 39.8 mL kg-1 min-1 (girls). 8 boys and 6 girls were tested twice over a time-frame of 27.5 months. The parameters of the exercise test measured on both occasions were significantly lower than those of the 14 nordic skiers. There was no change with respect to any variables over the examined time-frame. Conclusions: The elite climbers investigated in this study showed comparable a-values to athletes from team and combat sports. The nordic skiers to which they were compared showed significantly higher values consistant with the fact that this is an endurance sport. Even though the cardiopulmonary measurements of the nordic skiers still improved after two years of training, no adaptations could be observed in the elite climbers

STRIP READOUT RPC BASED ON LOW RESISTIVITY GLASS ELECTRODES

We present the prototype of a Resistive Plate Counter equipped with electrodes made from Pestov Glass (similar to 10(10)Omega cm). It is aimed as solution for TOF subdetector of CBM experiment at the future FAIR facility in Darmstadt. Details of the design and the construction are introduced. Results of tests with radioactive sources and of in-beam investigations on time resolution and counting rate capability are discussed

Dielectron production in C-12(+) C-12 collisions at 2 A GeV with HADES

5 pages, 2 figures.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000248251400153Printed version published on Aug 2007.We report on a measurement of electron pair production in C-12(+) C-12 collisions at an incident energy of 2 GeV per nucleon with the HADES spectrometer. The measured pair production probabilities span over five orders of magnitude from the π(0)-Dalitz to the ρ/w invariant-mass region. Dalitz decays of π(0) and η account for all the yield up to 0.15 GeV/c^2, but for only about 50% above this mass. The excess yield is in agreement with the former DLS result if one assumes that it scales with beam energy like pion production. A preliminary analysis of C-12(+) C-12 collisions at an incident energy of 1 A GeV, measured with the HADES detector, supports this scenario.The collaboration gratefully acknowledges the support by BMBF grants 06TM970I, 06GI146I, 06F-140 and 06DR120 (Germany), by GSI (TM-FR1,GI/ME3,OF/STR), by grants GA CR 202/00/1668 and GA AS CR IAA1048304 (Czech Republic), by grant KBN 1P03B 056 29 (Poland), by INFN (Italy), by CNRS/IN2P3 (France), by grants MCYT FPA2000-2041-C02-02 and XUGA PGID T02PXIC20605PN (Spain), by grant UCY-10.3.11.12 (Cyprus), by INTAS grant 03-51-3208 and by EU contract RII3-CT-2004-506078.Peer reviewe