Biomarker of buccal mucosa cells damaged after exposure to panoramic radiography: a literature review

Objectives: This review aimed to understand the effect of exposure to panoramic radiographs on exfoliated buccal mucosal cells at the cellular level. Review: The dose of radiation exposure in dentistry, both intraoral and extraoral, has been regulated by The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB). However, even though it is given in small doses, x-ray radiation due to intraoral and extraoral radiographs still has a radiobiological effect on the exposed tissue. The radiobiological effects of X-ray exposure can cause changes in biological molecules, either directly or indirectly, within hours or days. There are two classification of this radiobiological effect, called deterministic and stochastic effect. The deterministic effect occurs when the dose given exceeds the recommended dose by the NRPB, whereas the stochastic effect does not have any threshold that needs to be exceeded to give some adverse impact to the exposed tissue One method used as a predictor or biomarker of genetic damage due to exposure to physical or chemical mutagenic agents in humans is micronucleus (MN). The biomarker for the cell damaged is the change of nucleus shape and outline, called pycnosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis. Conclusion: The exposed to x-ray from panoramic could induce cell and genetic damaged. Prescription for panoramic radiographic examination in patients should be as effectively as possible according to the principles of ALADA (as low as diagnostically acceptable) to avoid adverse effects on the exposed tissue

Dilacerated distolingual root of mandibular first molar mimicking cementoblastoma: case report by radiographic findings

Objectives: This case report aimed to report an extra root number of mandibular first molars that are mimicking benign cementoblastoma in the periapical radiograph and clarified using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. Case Report: A 22-year-old female patient was referred from private clinic to Radiology Department of Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital for a CBCT examination of the left mandibular first molar with benign cementoblastoma as the provisional diagnosis. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider CBCT examination in order to obtain accurate diagnosis of the presence of distolingual root

Canalis sinuosus approximation on an impacted maxillary canine: a case report

Objectives: This case report is aimed to report the finding of canalis sinuosus on an impacted maxillary canine using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. Case Report: A 21-year-old male was referred from orthodontic department to radiology department UNPAD Dental Hospital for CBCT to determine the treatment of malalignment asymptomatic maxillary canine. The case revealed the presence of canalis that was identified as a canalis sinuosus, a branch of the anterior superior alveolar nerve that rarely known by a practitioner, at the apex of impacted right maxillary canine. Conclusion: The information of this anatomical variation is important for professionals due to damage that may be caused during treatment. The use of advanced imaging examination is recommended to acknowledge the individual anatomical variation before determining the proper treatment planning

Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Sales Growth, Profitabilitas, Firm Size dan Kepemilikan Institusional terhadap Tax Avoidance

Tax avoidance is an effort made to reduce the tax burden in order to obtain maximum profit in accordance with tax regulations. This study aims to identify whether independent commissioners, sales growth, profitability, firm size, and institutional ownership have an effect on tax avoidance. The object used in this study used the consumer cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018 – 2021. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling method with 68 companies over a 4 year period, resulting in a total sample of 272 research samples. The method in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with quantitative data. Measurement of tax avoidance with the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) is obtained from income tax expense divided by profit before tax. Independent commissioners have no effect on tax avoidance. Sales growth has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. Profitability has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. Firm size has a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance. And institutional ownership has no effect on tax avoidance. The results of the F test were 16.391 and a significance value of 0.000 so that the regression model in the study was declared feasible or accepted. The adjusted R square test results of 0.325 (32.5%) variable tax avoidance are influenced by independent variables, namely independent commissioners, sales growth, profitability, firm size and institutional ownership

The value of Mental Index (MI) and Gonial Index (GI) in hypertension patients on its correlation with serum calcium and cortisol level

Objective: This research was aimed to analyze the mandibular cortical width based on a mental index (MI) and gonial Index (GI) in hypertension patients correlated with serum calcium and cortisol levels. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic-observational study with 31 hypertension patients aged 41-79. All of the patients have checked their serum calcium and cortisol level. The panoramic radiograph was taken and analyzed using Image-J Fiji software. The mandibular cortical width was then measured with Mental Index (MI) and Gonial Index (GI) and correlated with the serum calcium and cortisol level. Results: The data obtained from examining serum calcium and cortisol levels and the measurement of Mental Index (MI) and Gonial Index (GI) showed varying results but tended towards normal values. The results of the correlation test between mental index and gonial index with cortisol and serum calcium showed no correlation with p>0.05. Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum calcium and cortisol level in the value of MI and GI in hypertension patients

Penggunaan Obat Herbal untuk Meningkatkan Libido Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus): Tribulus terrestris dan Panax ginseng

Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng are two therapeutic plants that might increase libido. The aim of the study was to see the effects of herbal medicine containing Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng on increasing male mice libido. This study used mice divided into two sets of 7 and 14 days. Each group was divided into four parts: control (solvent), comparator (Vitan), and test 1 (herbal medicine). Parameters measured were mice sexual behaviour (introduction, climbing, coitus), sperm concentration, sperm motility, and testicular weight. Except for coitus behaviour, there were no significant changes between groups in the 7 days of treatment. There were significant differences in introduction and climbing behaviour between the control group and test 2 after 14 days of treatment, but not in other parameters. There were no significant variations in any parameters of the mice’s libido between 7 and 14 days of treatment with 1x dose of herbal medicine; however, with 2x doses, only introduction behaviour showed a significant difference. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that administering two doses of herbal medicine can increase the frequency of treatment for 14 days.Tribulus terrestris dan Panax ginseng merupakan tanaman obat yang dapat meningkatkan libido. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh obat herbal yang mengandung Tribulus terrestris dan Panax ginseng terhadap peningkatan libido mencit jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit yang terbagi menjadi 2 grup yaitu kelompok 7 dan 14 hari. Masing-masing grup dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (pelarut), pembanding (Vitan), uji 1 (obat herbal 10 mg) dan uji 2 (obat herbal 20 mg). Parameter yang diamati adalah perilaku seksual mencit (introduction, climbing, coitus), konsentrasi sperma, motilitas sperma, bobot testis. Parameter bobot testis, konsentrasi sperma, motilitas sperma, perilaku introduction dan climbing menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok pada perlakuan selama 7 hari kecuali perilaku coitus. Pada perlakuan selama 14 hari terdapat perbedaan bermakna perilaku introduction dan climbing antara kelompok kontrol dan uji 2, sedangkan parameter yang lain tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Perbandingan perlakuan antara 7 hari dan 14 hari pada obat herbal 1x dosis tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap parameter libido mencit, sedangkan pada obat herbal 2x dosis hanya perilaku introduction yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian obat herbal 2x dosis dapat meningkatkan frekuensi introduction pada perlakuan selama 14 hari

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF USING ANTIPSYCHOTICS DRUGS WITH CARIES STATUS ON SKIZOFRENIA PATIENTS IN SPECIAL HOSPITAL PROVINCE SOUTH SULAWESI, 2017

Objective: To provide an overview of the use of antipsychotic drugs with caries status in schizophrenic patients in Makassar. Methods: This was an analytic observational with cross-sectional study design. Sampling method was done with non-probability sampling with 74 samples. This research was conducted at the Regional Special Hospital of South Sulawesi Province on 19-23 April 2017. The data is presented in a table and analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The study showed that the distribution of the average value of DMF-T in each sex group, age, and the duration of medicine use with 8.61±5.51. There is a significant relationship between the duration of antipsychotic medicine use and dental caries status and is also found r-value at 0.359 which denotes a positive correlation. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the duration of using antipsychotic drugs with dental caries status of schizophrenic patients as a result of the side effects of antipsychotic drugs

Peningkatan Literasi Bencana Gempa Bumi Bagi Disabilitas Melalui Dongeng Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Risiko Bencana

Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 terkait penanggulangan bencana menyatakan bahwa yang termasuk dalam kelompok rentan diantaranya yaitu bayi, balita, anak-anak, ibu yang sedang menyusui, penyandang cacat, serta orang lanjut usia. Oleh karena itu, apabila suatu kerentanan tersebut terjadi anak yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik (cacat), maka kerentanan pada anak tersebut jauh lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan anak normal pada umumnya. Pada dasarnya dongeng merupakan suatu media yang mampu memperkuat imajinasi, empati, pemahaman, nilai, dan etika dan merangsang pemikiran yang kritis (Ahyani, 2010). Anak tunarungu terkadang sulit menerima konsep baru, sehingga perlu adanya metode yang menarik agar memahami konsep baru, oleh karena itu diperlukan media komunikasi visual dan edukatif sebagai media pembelajaran mandiri bagi anak, dalam mengetahui terkait siaga bencana terutama di sekolah (Aini, Daniah and Carwadi, 2020). Untuk itu, dengan adanya peningkatan literasi bencana kepada anak disabilitas melalui dongeng kearifan lokal, diharapkan mampu mengurangi kerentanan, meningkatkan kapasitas, dan memiliki jiwa tangguh bencana

Herbal Medicine Used to Increase the Libido of Male Mice (Mus musculus): Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng

Tribulus terrestris dan Panax ginseng merupakan tanaman obat yang dapat meningkatkan libido. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh obat herbal yang mengandung Tribulus terrestris dan Panax ginseng terhadap peningkatan libido mencit jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit yang terbagi menjadi 2 grup yaitu kelompok 7 dan 14 hari. Masing-masing grup dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (pelarut), pembanding (Vitan), uji 1 (obat herbal 10 mg) dan uji 2 (obat herbal 20 mg). Parameter yang diamati adalah perilaku seksual mencit (introduction, climbing, coitus), konsentrasi sperma, motilitas sperma, bobot testis. Parameter bobot testis, konsentrasi sperma, motilitas sperma, perilaku introduction dan climbing menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok pada perlakuan selama 7 hari kecuali perilaku coitus. Pada perlakuan selama 14 hari terdapat perbedaan bermakna perilaku introduction dan climbing antara kelompok kontrol dan uji 2, sedangkan parameter yang lain tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Perbandingan perlakuan antara 7 hari dan 14 hari pada obat herbal 1x dosis tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap parameter libido mencit, sedangkan pada obat herbal 2x dosis hanya perilaku introduction yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian obat herbal 2x dosis dapat meningkatkan frekuensi introduction pada perlakuan selama 14 hari