Extraction, Characterization, Amino Acid Profile of Halal Gelatin from Kampong and Broiler Chicken Feet Skin

Gelatin is one of the food additives where the issue of halal is interesting to study. Several previous studies have explored alternatives to halal gelatin. This study analyzes gelatin's chemical and physical properties from kampong and broiler chicken feet skin. The results obtained can be utilized to develop a halal alternative to gelatin. The study used a nested randomized design consisting of two factors: variations in the chicken origin and the concentration of the acid solvent. The first factor, the kind of chicken, had two levels, kampong and broiler chickens. The second factor was acetic acid concentration (CH3COOH) with 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 % (v v–1). Gelatin from the skin of kampong chicken feet skin with 4 % (v w–1) acetic acid reached a yield of 12.67 %, a moisture content of 10.29 %, an ash content of 1.58 %, a protein content of 82.52 %, a pH 4.53, a viscosity of 4.78 cp, and a gel strength of 66.29 g cm–2. Gelatin from broiler chicken leg skin with 4 % acetic acid reached a yield of 10.90 %, a moisture content of 7.95 %, an ash content of 7.95 %, a protein content of 82.48 %, a pH of 4.76, a viscosity of 5.4 cp, and a gel strength of 70.13 g cm–2. Kampong and broiler chicken feet skin gelatin were similar to commercial gelatin concerning the glycine percentage. Glycine has more than 50 % gelatin from all amino acids. Glycine from kampong chicken feet skin gelatin was 53.37 %, broiler chicken feet skin gelatin had 51.95 %, and commercial gelatin was 54.33 %. The meatballs using kampong and broiler chicken feet skin gelatin (acetic acid 4 %) meet all the requirements of NSA (National Standardization Agency of Republic of Indonesia -Standar Nasional Indonesia: 3818-2014) for moisture, ash, protein, and lipid content variables

Identification Of Groundwater Distribution Using Self Potential Method

Drought is one of the biggest problems for the community, this problem will be slightly resolved by the compilation of regions with groundwater sources. This research has been carried out in the karst area, Druju Village, Sumbermanjing District, Wetan Regency, Malang. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of underground air and the pattern between underground rivers in the Wonorejo draw well and spring sources in the Kaligoro River, Wonorejo Hamlet.The method that used is the Self Potential (SP) method to set the moving electrode (leap frop) with 104 measurement points. The results of this study indicate the value of electric potential shown between 0-13.5 mV, and assume that a low potential value (0-1 mV) is an indication of groundwater distribution. Areas with low potential values are found in the empathy area. When taking a distribution of water on the surface of the land that appears through the Kaligoro River, it does not need to go out in one stream with an underground river flowing in the wells of the residents. The area with the lowest potential value is a reference in making well