Protein Dynamical Transition in Terahertz Dielectric Response

The 200 K protein dynamical transition is observed for the first time in the teraherz dielectric response. The complex dielectric permittivity $\epsilon$ = $\epsilon$' + i$\epsilon$" is determined in the 0.2 - 2.0 THz and 80-294 K ranges. $\epsilon$" has a linear temperature dependence up to 200 K then sharply increases. The low temperature linear dependence in $\epsilon$" indicates anharmonicity for temperatures 80 K < T < 180 K, challenging the assumed harmonicity below 200K. The temperature dependence is consistent with beta relaxation response and shows the protein motions involved in the dynamical transition extend to subpicosecond time scales

Applications of triggered-Electromyography in minimally invasive transpedicular implantation of screws in the lumbosacral spine: Neurophysiological acumen

RESUMEN: Se han reportado lesiones radiculares por inserción de tornillos pediculares a pesar de la realización de múltiples controles intraoperatorios. La t-electromiografía tiene una relevancia especial en cirugía mínimamente invasiva, pero, existe una falta de consenso sobre la metodología. Los umbrales de alarma en cirugía mínimamente invasiva están basados en los valores de referencia en cirugía abierta. Sin embargo, la metodología de la t-electromiografía es diferente entre la técnica abierta y mínimamente invasiva. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar propuestas de modificación a la metodología de la t-electromiografía en fijación lumbosacra mínimamente invasiva. Se debe utilizar al menos 5mA como umbral para la estimulación de la aguja de acceso pedicular. Con el uso de dilatadores no metálicos, un mismo umbral (como mínimo, 7mA) puede ser aplicado para la estimulación del “tapscrew” y del tornillo pedicular. Durante la estimulación de los implantes pediculares, la succión continua puede minimizar posible "derivación eléctrica".ABSTRACT: Neural lesions related to pedicle screw placement have been reported despite use of multiple intraoperative controls. T- electromyography has a special relevance in minimally invasive surgery. Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus on the methodology. Alarm thresholds for minimally invasive surgery are based on the reference values for open surgery. However, the methodology of t- electromyography is different between open and minimally invasive techniques. The present work aims to provide proposals for modification of the methodology of t-electromyography in minimally invasive surgery. At least 5mA should be used as threshold for the stimulation of the pedicle access needle. With the use of non-metallic dilators, the same threshold (at least 7mA) can be applied for the stimulation of the tapscrew and the pedicle screw. During the stimulation of the pedicle implants, continuous suction can minimize possible "current shunting"

Monitoring of river pollution

Some text in Englis

Temporal and spatial variations in the species composition, distribution, and abundance of protozoa in East Dongting lake, China

Investigations of protozoa were carried out during four surveys of East Dongting Lake, China. A total of 160 protozoan species belonging to 71 genera was identified, of which 53 were flagellates, 37 sarcodines, and 70 ciliates. Among them, Peritrichida (32.6% of frequency), Arcellinida (16.2%), Volvocales (13.61/6), Peridiniales (13.1%), and Chrysomonadales (9.1%) were the main groups and contributed to 84.5% of the overall species. Ciliates were mainly composed of sessile species and small species. The total protozoan abundance varied from 2,400 cells L-1 to 20,250 cells L-1. The highest protozoan abundance occurred in spring; the lowest number was in autumn. The highest abundance of ciliates occurred in spring and winter, whereas flagellates developed the highest abundance in,summer and autumn. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regressions indicated that chlorophyll a and water velocity were the main factors affecting ternporal and spatial variations of the protozoan abundance.Investigations of protozoa were carried out during four surveys of East Dongting Lake, China. A total of 160 protozoan species belonging to 71 genera was identified, of which 53 were flagellates, 37 sarcodines, and 70 ciliates. Among them, Peritrichida (32.6% of frequency), Arcellinida (16.2%), Volvocales (13.61/6), Peridiniales (13.1%), and Chrysomonadales (9.1%) were the main groups and contributed to 84.5% of the overall species. Ciliates were mainly composed of sessile species and small species. The total protozoan abundance varied from 2,400 cells L-1 to 20,250 cells L-1. The highest protozoan abundance occurred in spring; the lowest number was in autumn. The highest abundance of ciliates occurred in spring and winter, whereas flagellates developed the highest abundance in,summer and autumn. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regressions indicated that chlorophyll a and water velocity were the main factors affecting ternporal and spatial variations of the protozoan abundance