Patent Analysis for the Formulation of Technology Policy: Evidence from 4G LTE Industry

Policy-makers seek a more rigorous method of selecting potentially successful technologies to fulfil the requirements of different stakeholders. Patent analysis should be able to assist policy-makers in (1) understanding the development trajectory of technologies and monitoring the status of technological development to gain a dynamic view of the current competition situation; (2) applying the concept of relative patent advantage (RPA) to grasp the comparative advantages or disadvantages of specific technology domains in each nation; and (3) combining the patent data and multivariate methods of analysis to clarify the current state of an industry’s leading technologies. With the goal of combining the methods of patent data analysis and multivariate analysis, we assess the 4G LTE techniques and explore the comparative technological advantages of Top 10 countries with most patents. This study aims to provide suggestions to serve as an important reference for each nation in formulating its future technology policies

Study on the 4P in the Innovation Strategy of Three Squirrels’ Network Marketing

Along with the rapid development of our electronic commerce in our country, the only traditional marketing mode has been hard to meet the current market demand and it must be imperative to have vast application of marketing innovation strategy. It has been accepted and recognized by more and more people that there is an innovation strategy of network marketing centered with the marketing to improve user brands marketing; what’s more, it has been thought and applied by all kinds of major electronic commerce. Based on the mature theory of innovation strategy of network marketing, the paper would begin from the aspect of improving user brand innovation marketing to have study and analysis of the case of 4P in the innovation strategy of Three Squirrels’ Network Marketing. The successful experience and the currently existed main problem would be analyzed, and some proper suggestions would be mentioned in the paper. The paper would focus on the 4P ideas to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Three Squirrels to explore the main experience and the existed problems. There would be correspondent improvement innovation strategy combined with the condition of enterprises so that there would be certain reference value for the improvement of Three Squirrels in the network marketing; at the same time, through the ceaseless learning and study, there would be advanced marketing idea and marketing innovation strategy at home and abroad and these could be used by other enterprises in the future so as to have a better promotion to the healthy development of enterprises

Less Is More: Audience Cognition of Comic Simplification in the Characters of Peking Opera

A simplified approach was used to determine if “Less is More” is still a trend in comics’ Peking opera characters. There were 225 website volunteers who took part in the study. Via a questionnaire survey and analysis, this study explored the feasibility of “simplification” in comedy. The results indicate that the proposed “simplifying” approach can be applied to the creation of dramatic characters, but the scale of simplification must be adjusted flexibly to suit different subjects. For audiences, there is not much recognition and sympathy for the works that are simplified in the extreme and the current symbolization. The simplification used in this study is merely the first step in testing the usefulness of simplification as an approach. It is used as a means of understanding the cognition of the audience to accept the simple features of Peking opera characters. In subsequent studies, the proposed “simplified” approach is necessary to adapt and improve with a view to practical application. It also requires an in-depth analysis of the cognitive differences of the different participants according to the cognitive and communication theories of artistic creation

Traditional Chinese Medicine Enhances Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer after Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Taiwan: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

Background. Gastric cancer remains a major cancer globally. More than half of patients with gastric cancer undergo surgery in Taiwan; however, few large nationwide studies have investigated the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gastric cancer management after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TCM on patients with gastric cancer following surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in Taiwan and its prescription trends. Methods and Materials. The cohort sampling data set was obtained from the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Patient Database, a research database of patients with severe illnesses from the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan. Patients who had received a new diagnosis of gastric cancer and had undergone surgery were enrolled. We matched TCM users and nonusers at a ratio of 1 : 3 based on the propensity score, and TCM users were also grouped into short-term and long-term users. Results. The number of TCM users and nonusers was 1701 and 5103 after applying the propensity score at a ratio of 1 : 3. Short-term users and long-term TCM users were independently associated with a decreased risk of death with HRs of 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.65) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47), respectively, compared with TCM nonusers. We also obtained similar results when we adjusted for covariates in the main model, as well as each of the additional listed covariates. We also observed similar HR trends in short-term users and long-term TCM users among men and women aged <65 years and ≥65 years. The most commonly prescribed single herb and herbal formula in our cohort were Hwang-Chyi (Radix Hedysari; 11.8%) and Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang (15.5%), respectively. Conclusion. TCM use was associated with higher survival in patients with gastric cancer after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. TCM could be used as a complementary and alternative therapy in patients with gastric cancer after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy

Brain computed tomography perfusion may help to detect hemodynamic reconstitution and predict intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid stenting

ObjectiveWe wanted to examine whether brain computed tomography (CT) perfusion can help to detect the reconstitution of cerebral hemodynamics and predict intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after carotid stenting.MethodsFrom September 2002 to October 2009, data of 114 patients with carotid intervention were prospectively collected, and we retrospectively identified a total of 108 consecutive patients with unilateral carotid stenting. Brain CT perfusion was studied at three time points: 1 week before, and 1 week and 6 months after stenting. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow, and time to peak (TTP) of brain CT perfusion were examined at cortical and subcortical areas of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery territory. The CBV, cerebral blood flow, and TTP ratios of stenting side/nonstenting side were used for comparison. The flow direction of ophthalmic artery was detected by sonography, and the presence of anterior communicating artery was examined on prestenting cerebral angiogram.ResultsAfter carotid stenting, CBV and TTP ratios improved significantly in both MCA cortical and subcortical areas in patients with unilateral carotid stenosis (P < .01) but not in patients with bilateral carotid stenosis. Patients with reversed ophthalmic flow had better improvement of TTP in both MCA and posterior cerebral artery territories (P < .05) than patients with forward flow. However, no significant difference was found between patients with and patients without anterior communicating artery collateral (P > .05). The prestenting TTP ratio in MCA subcortical area was significantly higher in patients with poststenting ICH than patients without ICH (P = .0191).ConclusionsCerebral hemodynamics can be reconstituted within a few days after carotid revascularization, especially in patients with reversed ophthalmic flow. Prolonged TTP in prestenting MCA subcortical area may suggest a high risk of poststenting ICH

Quantitative Characterization of Nanoparticles in Blood by Transmission Electron Microscopy with a Window-Type Microchip Nanopipet

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a unique and powerful tool for observation of nanoparticles. However, due to the uneven spatial distribution of particles conventionally dried on copper grids, TEM is rarely employed to evaluate the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Here, we present a microchip nanopipet with a narrow chamber width for sorting nanoparticles from blood and preventing the aggregation of the particles during the drying process, enabling quantitative analysis of their aggregation/agglomeration states and the particle concentration in aqueous solutions. This microchip is adaptable to all commercial TEM holders. Such a nanopipet proves to be a simple and convenient sampling device for TEM image-based quantitative characterization