Practice Analysis on the Teaching Theory and Skills of English Translation

As a universal language, English makes a better communication between China and the developed countries, English language teaching has become increasingly important in more and more Chinese Schools. At the beginning, when Chinese students start to learn a second language, they need to translate the second language such as English into Chinese in the first hand, and this procedure will help them to understand and learn English better. For English language translation teachers, they need to research and create the suitable、effective method of learning English translation for most students constantly in order to improve the English translation learning efficiency of the Chinese students. The local culture of China is quite different from the culture of other English speaking countries. When our Chinese students study English language translation, at the same time, they need to learn the different culture in different countries and learn how to accept and face up the cultural background difference between our country and the other English speaking countries. In the meantime, during the time of teaching English translation, the English translation subject teachers need to guide the students to learn and understand the difference in practice, and help them to establish a comprehensive and correct idea of learning English translation (through teaching right and different translation skills

Research on the Prediction of Rigid Frame-Continuous Girder Bridge Deflection Using BP and RBF Neural Networks

To solve the problem of excessive deflection in the post-operation process of a rigid frame-continuous girder bridge and provide a basis for the setting of its initial camber, this paper, based on the results of finite element analysis, uses three methods to predict and verify the deflection of a rigid frame-continuous girder bridge. The results show that the average deflection method can be used to fit the average deflection value for a relatively long period of time and predict the average deflection value for the next longer period of time. Both the back-propagation (BP) neural network model and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network model can predict deflection well, but the RBF neural network model has higher prediction accuracy, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.55 cmm and a relative error not exceeding 1%. The prediction model established by the RBF neural network has higher stability, better generalization ability, and better overall prediction performance. The established model has some reference significance for similar engineering projects and can achieve the optimization of structural parameters

Association of FokI, TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy: a pooled analysis of case-control studies

Background: To assess synthetically the association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods: Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google-scholar and CBMDisc, CNKI and Chongqing VIP databases were searched. A meta-analysis was performed.Results: Six studies with 636 cases and 1,035 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes showed that the FokI polymorphism (F allele) of VDR gene had no statistical protective relationship with DR in overall studies. Interestingly, stratification analysis showed that the FokI polymorphism (Fallele) was significantly associated with decreased DR risk in the Chinese population, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. However, the TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms of VDR gene had no significant association with the risk of DR.Conclusion: This meta-analysis of case-control studies revealed that the VDR-FokI polymorphism (F allele) decreased the risk of DR in Chinese people, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. Further rigorous and prospective studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our findings.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; polymorphism; Vitamin D receptor

The Relationship between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in working-aged people. Several studies have suggested that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was correlated with DR. This is a hospital-based study and the aim of it was to examine the relationship between the GFR and DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We used CKD-EPI equation to estimate GFR and SPSS 19.0 and EmpowerStats software to assess their relationship. Among the 1613 participants (aged 54.75 ± 12.19 years), 550 (34.1%) patients suffered from DR. The multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DR include age (P<0.001, OR = 0.940), duration of diabetes (P<0.001, OR = 1.163), hemoglobin A1c (P=0.007, OR = 1.224), systolic blood pressure (P<0.001, OR = 1.032), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.007, OR = 0.953), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.024, OR = 3.884), and eGFR (P=0.010, OR = 0.973). Through stratified analysis and saturation effect analysis, our data suggests that eGFR of 99.4 mL/min or lower might imply the early stage of DR in diabetic patients. Thus, the evaluation of eGFR has clinical significance for the early diagnosis of DR

Association of FokI, TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy: a pooled analysis of case-control studies

Background: To assess synthetically the association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google-scholar and CBMDisc, CNKI and Chongqing VIP databases were searched. A meta-analysis was performed. Results: Six studies with 636 cases and 1,035 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes showed that the FokI polymorphism (F allele) of VDR gene had no statistical protective relationship with DR in overall studies. Interestingly, stratification analysis showed that the FokI polymorphism (Fallele) was significantly associated with decreased DR risk in the Chinese population, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. However, the TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms of VDR gene had no significant association with the risk of DR. Conclusion: This meta-analysis of case-control studies revealed that the VDR-FokI polymorphism (F allele) decreased the risk of DR in Chinese people, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. Further rigorous and prospective studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our findings

Fabrication of nanowire network AAO and its application in SERS

In this paper, nanowire network anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) was fabricated by just adding a simple film-eroding process after the production of porous AAO. After depositing 50 nm of Au onto the surface, nanowire network AAO can be used as ultrasensitive and high reproducibility surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The average Raman enhancement factor of the nanowire network AAO SERS substrate can reach 5.93 × 10(6), which is about 14% larger than that of commercial Klarite® substrates. Simultaneously, the relative standard deviations in the SERS intensities are limited to approximately 7%. All of the results indicate that our large-area low-cost high-performance nanowire structure AAO SERS substrates have a great advantage in chemical/biological sensing applications

Lattice strain enhanced phase transformation of NaYbF4: 2% Er3+ upconverting nanoparticles by tuning the molar ratio of Na+/Yb3+

NaYbF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have enhanced optical properties compared to the NaYF4 UCNPs. However, synthesis of monodisperse NaYbF4 with controllable size and optical properties poses challenges, and the mechanism of phase transformation remains to be understood. Here, they report on the effect of Na+/Yb3+ molar ratio on the morphological and optical properties of upconverting NaYbF4: 2% Er3+ nanoparticles. Controllable transformation of cubic phase nanoparticles produced with [Na+]/[Yb3+]= 1 to hexagonal phase is achieved by increasing Na+ content. The hexagonal UCNPs produced with [Na+]/[Yb3+]= 4 have significantly enhanced intensity of optical emission of ≈600 times compared with the pure cubic phase crystal. The work reveals that the increasing dislocation of sodium and ytterbium distribution cause the accumulation of the lattice strain with increasing Na+ content, and triggers the lattice strain-mediated phase transformation in cubic cell, as confirmed by the Density Function Theory simulations. These results provide new insights into the growth of UCNPs and pave the way for developing controlled synthesis of UCNPs for applications as bio-probes and for energy harvesting

Therapy by physician–pharmacist combination and economic returns for cancer pain management in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Objective: To examine whether joint management of cancer pain by physicians and pharmacists in clinics provides economic advantages from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.Methods: From February 2018 to March 2020, 100 patients who visited the joint cancer pain clinic at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were included. These patients were randomly assigned to either the control or intervention groups. The control group received regular outpatient services from a physician, while the intervention group received regular outpatient services from a physician and medication education provided by a pharmacist. The study considered various direct costs, including drug expenses, physician-pharmacist outpatient services, adverse event management, consultations, examinations, and readmissions. The outcome indicators considered were the cancer pain control rate and the reduction in pain scores. Decision tree modeling, single-factor sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of joint physician-pharmacist outpatient services compared to physician-alone outpatient services.Results: The intervention group showed a significantly higher cancer pain control rate than the control group (0.69 vs. 0.39, p = 0.03). In the decision tree model, the intervention group had a significantly lower pain score than the control group (0.23 vs. 0.14). The cost per person in the intervention group was $165.39, while it was$191.1 per person in the control group. The univariate sensitivity analysis showed that the cost of self-management for patients in the control group was identified as the primary sensitivity factor. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the joint clinic group had a favorable incremental cost-effectiveness compared to the physician clinic group. In addition, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated an absolute advantage in the incremental cost-effectiveness of the joint clinic group over the outpatient physician group.Conclusion: The participation of pharmacists in joint cancer pain clinic services led to improved pain management for patients, demonstrating a clear advantage in terms of cost-effectiveness

Mechanistic studies on bleomycin-mediated DNA damage: multiple binding modes can result in double-stranded DNA cleavage

Supplementary Data are available at NAR Online.The bleomycins (BLMs) are a family of natural glycopeptides used clinically as antitumor agents. In the presence of required cofactors (Fe[superscript 2+] and O[subscript 2]), BLM causes both single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA damage with the latter thought to be the major source of cytotoxicity. Previous biochemical and structural studies have demonstrated that BLM can mediate ss cleavage through multiple binding modes. However, our studies have suggested that ds cleavage occurs by partial intercalation of BLM's bithiazole tail 3′ to the first cleavage site that facilitates its re-activation and re-organization to the second strand without dissociation from the DNA where the second cleavage event occurs. To test this model, a BLM A5 analog (CD-BLM) with β-cyclodextrin attached to its terminal amine was synthesized. This attachment presumably precludes binding via intercalation. Cleavage studies measuring ss:ds ratios by two independent methods were carried out. Studies using [[superscript 32]P]-hairpin technology harboring a single ds cleavage site reveal a ss:ds ratio of 6.7 ± 1.2:1 for CD-BLM and 3.4:1 and 3.1 ± 0.3:1 for BLM A2 and A5, respectively. In contrast with BLM A5 and A2, however, CD-BLM mediates ds-DNA cleavage through cooperative binding of a second CD-BLM molecule to effect cleavage on the second strand. Studies using the supercoiled plasmid relaxation assay revealed a ss:ds ratio of 2.8:1 for CD-BLM in comparison with 7.3:1 and 5.8:1, for BLM A2 and A5, respectively. This result in conjunction with the hairpin results suggest that multiple binding modes of a single BLM can lead to ds-DNA cleavage and that ds cleavage can occur using one or two BLM molecules. The significance of the current study to understanding BLM's action in vivo is discussed.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM 34454