Orientation of thin crystal layer with zincblende structure using raman scattering extrema method

The Raman Scattering Extrema Method proposed by the authors to determine the orientation of a thin layer crystal with diamond structure is extended to the zincblende structure. The Raman scattering intensities of LO and TO phonons for a zincblende-structured thin layer as functions of both the orientation of this layer and the polarization direction of the incident light have been derived. The orientation of the layer is determined by means of the extrema of these functions. For GaP wafers, the result obtained by using this method is compared with that determined by the X-ray method.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

ORIENTATION OF CRYSTAL THIN LAYER WITH DIAMOND STRUCTURE USING RAMAN SCATTERED LIGHT.

A method for determining the orientation of an arbitrarily oriented crystal thin layer using Raman scattered light has been proposed. The intensity of Raman scattered light from the diamond structure thin layer as a function of both the normal of the thin layer and the polarization direction of incident light is derived, and the orientation of the thin layer is then determined by means of four extrema of this function. The orientation results of this method for silicon wafers are compared with that determined by the X-ray method.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

New periodic wave solutions of (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation

In this paper, associating with the Hirota bilinear form, the three-wave method, which is applied to construct some periodic wave solutions of (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation, is a powerful approach to obtain periodic solutions for many non-linear evolution equations in the integrable systems theory

Modeling and 1 : 1 Internal Resonance Analysis of Cable-Stayed Shallow Arches

In this paper, an analytical model of a cable-stayed shallow arch is developed in order to investigate the 1 : 1 internal resonance between modes of a cable and a shallow arch. Integrodifferential equations with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities are used to model the in-plane motion of a simple cable-stayed shallow arch. Nonlinear dynamic responses of a cable-stayed shallow arch subjected to external excitations with simultaneous 1 : 1 internal resonances are investigated. Firstly, the Galerkin method is used to discretize the governing nonlinear integral-partial-differential equations. Secondly, the multiple scales method (MSM) is used to derive the modulation equations of the system under external excitation of the shallow arch. Thirdly, the equilibrium, the periodic, and the chaotic solutions of the modulation equations are also analyzed in detail. The frequency- and force-response curves are obtained by using the Newton–Raphson method in conjunction with the pseudoarclength path-following algorithm. The cascades of period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaos are obtained by applying numerical simulations. Finally, the effects of key parameters on the responses are examined, such as initial tension, inclined angle of the cable, and rise and inclined angle of shallow arch. The comprehensive numerical results and research findings will provide essential information for the safety evaluation of cable-supported structures that have widely been used in civil engineering

A Novel Cuticular Protein-like Cpr21L Is Essential for Nymph Survival and Male Fecundity in the Brown Planthopper

Cuticular proteins (CPs) are a large family and perform a variety of functions. However, the physiological roles of cuticle protein 21-like (Cpr21L) in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, are largely unclear. In this study, Cpr21L was revealed to be expressed in both BPH nymphs and adults, and the mRNA expression level was much higher in male adults than female adults. Spatially, the expression of Cpr21L in the testis was higher than in the ovary. The RNA interference (RNAi) of Cpr21L seriously decreased nymph survival, and no individual survived 8 days post-dsCpr21L injection. The RNAi of Cpr21L in adults also decreased the fertility of males, especially in the dsCpr21L♂ × dsGFP♀ group. The average number of eggs laid by one female in this group significantly decreased by 50.1%, and the eggs’ hatchability decreased from 76.5% to 23.8% compared with the control (dsGFP♂ × dsGFP♀). Furthermore, observations under a stereomicroscope showed that the RNAi of Cpr21L severely impaired the development of the testes. Therefore, Cpr21L is essential for the nymphal survival and male fecundity of BPH, thus providing a possible target for pest control

A Novel Cuticular Protein-like Cpr21L Is Essential for Nymph Survival and Male Fecundity in the Brown Planthopper

Cuticular proteins (CPs) are a large family and perform a variety of functions. However, the physiological roles of cuticle protein 21-like (Cpr21L) in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, are largely unclear. In this study, Cpr21L was revealed to be expressed in both BPH nymphs and adults, and the mRNA expression level was much higher in male adults than female adults. Spatially, the expression of Cpr21L in the testis was higher than in the ovary. The RNA interference (RNAi) of Cpr21L seriously decreased nymph survival, and no individual survived 8 days post-dsCpr21L injection. The RNAi of Cpr21L in adults also decreased the fertility of males, especially in the dsCpr21L male x dsGFP female group. The average number of eggs laid by one female in this group significantly decreased by 50.1%, and the eggs' hatchability decreased from 76.5% to 23.8% compared with the control (dsGFP male x dsGFP female). Furthermore, observations under a stereomicroscope showed that the RNAi of Cpr21L severely impaired the development of the testes. Therefore, Cpr21L is essential for the nymphal survival and male fecundity of BPH, thus providing a possible target for pest control

A Novel Cuticular Protein-like <i>Cpr21L</i> Is Essential for Nymph Survival and Male Fecundity in the Brown Planthopper

Cuticular proteins (CPs) are a large family and perform a variety of functions. However, the physiological roles of cuticle protein 21-like (Cpr21L) in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), one of the most destructive insect pests of rice, are largely unclear. In this study, Cpr21L was revealed to be expressed in both BPH nymphs and adults, and the mRNA expression level was much higher in male adults than female adults. Spatially, the expression of Cpr21L in the testis was higher than in the ovary. The RNA interference (RNAi) of Cpr21L seriously decreased nymph survival, and no individual survived 8 days post-dsCpr21L injection. The RNAi of Cpr21L in adults also decreased the fertility of males, especially in the dsCpr21L♂ × dsGFP♀ group. The average number of eggs laid by one female in this group significantly decreased by 50.1%, and the eggs’ hatchability decreased from 76.5% to 23.8% compared with the control (dsGFP♂ × dsGFP♀). Furthermore, observations under a stereomicroscope showed that the RNAi of Cpr21L severely impaired the development of the testes. Therefore, Cpr21L is essential for the nymphal survival and male fecundity of BPH, thus providing a possible target for pest control