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A case analysis of institutional change and its relationship to conflict with a focus on policy formulation.
Leadership Team Coaching; a trust-based coaching relationship
The coaching relationship is seen as integral to individual coaching, but less is known about the nature of the relationship within a team coaching context. This study explores the importance that leadership team coaching practitioners attach to the coaching relationship and as a consequence what that means for how they work with teams. A qualitative single case study method was utilised and data gathered using semi-structured interviews, including critical incident technique. The overall finding from the research was that coaches considered it important to develop a trust-based relational connection with teams at both an individual and a collective level but that establishing and maintaining that connection was, at times, both complex and challenging
The Intricate Relationship between Psychotic-Like Experiences and Associated Subclinical Symptoms in Healthy Individuals
The interplay between subclinical psychotic, negative, and affective symptoms
has gained increased attention regarding the etiology of psychosis spectrum
and other mental disorders. Importantly, research has tended to not
differentiate between different subtypes of psychotic-like experiences (PLE)
although they may not have the same significance for mental health. In order
to gain information on the subclinical interplay between specific PLE and
other symptoms as well as the significance of PLE for mental health, we
investigated their specific associations in 206 healthy individuals (20–60
years, 73 females) using correlational and linear regression analyses. PLE
were assessed with the Magical Ideation Questionnaire, the revised Exceptional
Experiences Questionnaire, and subscales of the Schizotypal Personality
Questionnaire (SPQ). The revised Symptom Checklist 90, the SPQ, and the
Physical Anhedonia Scale were used to measure subclinical negative symptoms,
affective symptoms, and other symptoms such as, emotional instability. As
hypothesized, we found that (1) most affective symptoms and all other
subclinical symptoms correlated positively with all PLE, whereas we found only
partial associations between negative symptoms and PLE. Notably, (2) magical
ideation and paranormal beliefs correlated negatively with physical anhedonia.
In the regression analyses we found (3) similar patterns of specific positive
associations between PLE and other subclinical symptoms: Suspiciousness was a
specific predictor of negative-like symptoms, whereas ideas of reference,
unusual perceptual experiences, and dissociative anomalous perceptions
specifically predicted anxiety symptoms. Interestingly, (4) ideas of reference
negatively predicted physical anhedonia. Similarly, paranormal beliefs were
negatively associated with constricted affect. Moreover, odd beliefs were a
negative predictor of depression, emotional instability, and unspecific
symptoms. Our findings indicated that subtypes of PLE are differentially
implicated in psychological functioning and should therefore not be
categorized homogeneously. Moreover, paranormal beliefs, odd beliefs, and
partly ideas of reference might also contribute to subjective well being in
healthy individuals. Our results might serve as a starting point for
longitudinal studies investigating the interplay of subtypes of subclinical
symptoms along a psychopathological trajectory leading to mental disorders.
Importantly, this research might help to improve therapeutic strategies for
psychosis prevention
Conhecimentos e opiniões de médicos e farmacêuticos acerca dos genéricos versus padrões de prescrição/dispensa
Objectivos (Objectives): Na actual situação da economia portuguesa, a política do medicamento assume uma
importância primordial na prossecução de uma redução da despesa pública com medicamentos para 1,25% do PIB até
final de 2012 e para cerca de 1% do PIB em 2013, conforme o acordo estabelecido com as entidades internacionais.
No entanto, do ponto de vista do cidadão, a despesa privada em medicamentos é também uma temática na ordem do
dia. Poucos temas são tão controversos na área da política do medicamento como a introdução de genéricos no
mercado de medicamentos, contudo, estes podem desempenhar um papel fundamental na optimização da afectação
de recursos. São muitas as questões levantadas contra e a favor da qualidade, segurança e eficácia dos genéricos. Se
os médicos, através da prescrição, são o factor decisivo para o aumento da quota de genéricos; os farmacêuticos
enquanto dispensadores assumem um papel preponderante na sensibilização dos utentes para a sua aceitação e
adesão à terapêutica. Objectivo: O presente estudo pretende estudar os conhecimentos e opiniões de médicos e
farmacêuticos face aos medicamentos genéricos e as suas relações com a prescrição/dispensa de genéricos.
Metodologia (Methodology): Foi enviado, via postal, um inquérito por questionário a uma amostra de médicos e
farmacêuticos. Responderam 261 indivíduos, 158 médicos e 103 farmacêuticos. O inquérito foi validado por um painel
de juízes e demonstrou uma boa consistência interna. Para efectuar a comparação entre as respostas dos diferentes
grupos, recorreu-se ao teste t para amostras independentes.
Resultados (Results): 75,9% dos inquiridos, considerou que o medicamento genérico é bioequivalente ao de referência
mas apenas 58,7% disse acreditar que um fármaco genérico, no processo de preparação, oferece as mesmas garantias
de qualidade. Verificou-se que os médicos que têm mais conhecimentos e opinião mais favorável sobre os genéricos
prescrevem genéricos com mais frequência (p <0.001). Constatou-se que os farmacêuticos têm mais conhecimentos
(p <0.008) sobre os medicamentos genéricos que os médicos e que manifestaram respostas mais positivas (p <0.001).
Conclusões (Conclusions): Médicos e farmacêuticos acreditam que a despesa em medicamentos é um factor a ter em
atenção no momento da prescrição/dispensa de medicamentos. Subsistem, no entanto, algumas crenças erróneas
sobre a qualidade do medicamento genérico. Tal facto reforça a necessidade de políticas activas de promoção dos
medicamentos genéricos
Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of detrital platinum-group minerals and gold particles from the Elbe, Germany
In heavy mineral concentrates of the Elbe, gold and
platinum-group minerals (PGMs) are observed. Two fractions (> 63
and < 63 µm) of the concentrate are analyzed by
reflected-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with automated
mineralogy software and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). Other heavy
minerals are cassiterite, ferberite, monazite, uraninite,
columbite–tantalite, magnetite, zircon and cinnabar. Scanning electron
microscopy determined the modal abundance of PGMs, gold and the other heavy
minerals. The PGMs are mainly Os–Ir–Ru–(Pt) alloys, Pt–Fe alloys, sperrylite
and rustenburgite. Compositional variation of PGMs and gold was analyzed by
EPMA. This showed that Pt–Fe alloys are (1) native platinum (> 80 atom %), (2) ferroan Pt (20 atom % to 50 atom % Fe), (3) isoferroplatinum (2.64 to 3.04 apfu of sum PGE, platinum-group
element), (4) tetraferroplatinum group with Ni + Cu + Fe ≈ 50 atom %, and (5)
γ(Pt,Fe) with sum PGE > 3.04 apfu. The Os–Ir–Ru–(Pt)
alloys show large compositional variations. Platinum and Fe enrichment is
typically observed for Ir-rich Os–Ir–Ru alloys. Gold particles often show
compositional zoning of Ag-rich cores and Ag-poor rims due to selective
leaching of Ag. Similarly, Hg-rich rims of gold particles are analyzed.
These are interpreted as the results of in situ amalgamation due to mobilization of
Hg from the associated cinnabar particles. The size and shape of the gold
particles generally argue for short transportation distances. Similarly,
almost euhedral sperrylite and Pt–Fe alloys suggest a source region close to
the sampling site. However, roundish Os–Ir–Ru–(Pt) alloys presumably have
experienced longer transportation in the river. Gabbroic dikes of the
Lusatia block contain sperrylite and gold particles, which can be the source
for these particles found in the concentrate. The composition of the
Os–Ir–Ru–(Pt) alloys is similar to previous studies on the Vestřev
placer in Czech Republic. Both locations are within the drainage area of the
Elbe and can therefore be the source of the PGM and gold particles in
the concentrate.</p
The Role of Individual Variables, Organizational Variables and Moral Intensity Dimensions in Libyan Management Accountants’ Ethical Decision Making
This study investigates the association of a broad set of variables with the ethical decision making of management accountants in Libya. Adopting a cross-sectional methodology, a questionnaire including four different ethical scenarios was used to gather data from 229 participants. For each scenario, ethical decision making was examined in terms of the recognition, judgment and intention stages of Rest’s model. A significant relationship was found between ethical recognition and ethical judgment and also between ethical judgment and ethical intention, but ethical recognition did not significantly predict ethical intention—thus providing support for Rest’s model. Organizational variables, age and educational level yielded few significant results. The lack of significance for codes of ethics might reflect their relative lack of development in Libya, in which case Libyan companies should pay attention to their content and how they are supported, especially in the light of the under-development of the accounting profession in Libya. Few significant results were also found for gender, but where they were found, males showed more ethical characteristics than females. This unusual result reinforces the dangers of gender stereotyping in business. Personal moral philosophy and moral intensity dimensions were generally found to be significant predictors of the three stages of ethical decision making studied. One implication of this is to give more attention to ethics in accounting education, making the connections between accounting practice and (in Libya) Islam. Overall, this study not only adds to the available empirical evidence on factors affecting ethical decision making, notably examining three stages of Rest’s model, but also offers rare insights into the ethical views of practising management accountants and provides a benchmark for future studies of ethical decision making in Muslim majority countries and other parts of the developing world
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