Comparison of four treatments on full thickness skin wounds of the horse

Call number: LD2668 .T4 PATH 1987 W66Master of ScienceDiagnostic Medicine/Pathobiolog

Beef Cattle Salmonellosis: A Study of Oral Salmonella typhimurium and Topical Salmonella newport Inoculations

Cattle are frequently infected with salmonellae by fecaloral transmission or by being fed contaminated animal protein byproducts (40% are reported contaminated in the U.S.). Bothcould propagate salmonellosis in feedlots. Research indicates that stress can induce shedding of salmonellae by asymptomatic carriers. Stress factors associated withsalmonellosis include: transportation, starvation, changes in ration, overcrowding, age, pregnancy, parturition, exertion, anesthesia, surgery, intercurrentdisease, and oral treatment withantibioticsand anthelmintics. In this study, we have attempted to correlate dosage of S. typhimurium inoculumwithdisease, persistence of infection, and environmental contamination. The persistence and spread of S. newport placed on the skin of cattle was also studied

Beef Cattle Salmonellosis: A Study of Oral Salmonella typhimurium and Topical Salmonella newport Inoculations

Cattle are frequently infected with salmonellae by fecaloral transmission or by being fed contaminated animal protein byproducts (40% are reported contaminated in the U.S.). Bothcould propagate salmonellosis in feedlots. Research indicates that stress can induce shedding of salmonellae by asymptomatic carriers. Stress factors associated withsalmonellosis include: transportation, starvation, changes in ration, overcrowding, age, pregnancy, parturition, exertion, anesthesia, surgery, intercurrentdisease, and oral treatment withantibioticsand anthelmintics. In this study, we have attempted to correlate dosage of S. typhimurium inoculumwithdisease, persistence of infection, and environmental contamination. The persistence and spread of S. newport placed on the skin of cattle was also studied

The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2

The International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPD) is the world's largest collection of global surface and sea-level pressure observations. It was developed by extracting observations from established international archives, through international cooperation with data recovery facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative, and directly by contributing universities, organizations, and countries. The dataset period is currently 1768–2012 and consists of three data components: observations from land stations, marine observing systems, and tropical cyclone best track pressure reports. Version 2 of the ISPD (ISPDv2) was created to be observational input for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) and contains the quality control and assimilation feedback metadata from the 20CR. Since then, it has been used for various general climate and weather studies, and an updated version 3 (ISPDv3) has been used in the ERA-20C reanalysis in connection with the European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations project (ERA-CLIM). The focus of this paper is on the ISPDv2 and the inclusion of the 20CR feedback metadata. The Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research provides data collection and access for the ISPDv2, and will provide access to future versions

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Brachygnathia in Simmental Cattle

Brachygnathia is a deficit in mandibular length causing the incisor teeth to meet the upper dental pad behind its anterior angle. It is a problem to breeders of both red and black Simmental cattle, as wellas other breeds. The condition has been considered inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait. It has also been observed as one part of a lethal, multiple-defect syndrome in Simmentals caused by the calf being born with an extra chromosome (Trisomy17). Intrauterine infectionwith bovine viraldiarrhea-mucosal disease virus (BVD-MD)also can cause the defect, but usually in this case the calf is also born with a variety of additional problems. In Angus cattle, the defect has also been observed accompanying osteopetrosis, an inherited bone defect. Selective culling and breeding practices designed to remove an undesirable genetic trait have been unsuccessful for a number of producers of both red and black Simmentals. For that reason, we have been studying the inheritance of this condition in more detail

Determination of Passive Immunity in Calves

Calves passively acquire a significant and vital portion of their immune protection from disease through consumption of the first milk (colostrum). The immunoglobulins (antibodies) that are contained in colostrum will help protect the calf from disease for the first several months of life. This process is called passive immunoglobulin transfer. Failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer (FPT) is a serious and ongoing problem in calves. Although many factors that contribute to FPT have been examined, it continues to be an obstacle to profitability. Calves that do not receive adequate colostrum are at increased risk of infection from a variety of disease-causing organisms. Several methods of detecting FPT have been described. Evaluating the status of passive immunity in calves is hindered by deficiencies in the available testing technologies. The most accurate means to assess FPT is determining concentrations of serum immunoglobulin. The predominant type of immunoglobulin transferred from the cow to the calf through colostrum is immunoglobulin G (lgG). Direct measurement of serum concentrations of IgG is usually accomplished using radial immunodiffusion. The value of this test is limited by the high cost involved, the technical expertise required, and the lack of relevance of the test results after the 24 to 48 hr required for the test to run. Several indirect methods of determination are available. These include zinc sulfate turbidity, sodium sulphite precipitation, glutaraldehyde coagulation, and serum refractometry. These are indirect measurements of the immunoglobulin levels of the calf and therefore are subject to artifactual readings due to aberrations in hydration status, total blood protein levels, and other blood attributes. Some of the above tests (zinc sulfate turbidity, sodium sulphite precipitation, and glutaraldehyde coagulation) require the transport of test tubes and reagents to the field. These three tests are semiquantitative and provide estimates of minimal levels or ranges of serum immunoglobulin levels. Refractometry is simple, quick, and inexpensive, but considered the most inaccurate estimator of immunoglobulin status. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is a membrane associated enzyme located in multiple sites throughout the body. Gamma-GT is located primarily in cells that have absorptive or secretory functions. Serum level of gamma- GT is recognized as a useful clinical indicator of liver disorders in many species. Activity of gamma-GT in colostrum has been reported to be high in a number of species, including dogs, sheep, cattle, and human beings. In many of these species, serum activity of gamma-GT in neonates that have consumed colostrum is elevated. However, this is not true in all species, with horses being a reported exception. The purposes of this study were to characterize the activity of serum gamma-GT in newborn calves before and after suckling and to explore the usefulnes of serum gamma-GT as an indicator of FPT in calves

Search for the Ebola Virus Reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Reflections on a Vertebrate Collection

A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit. Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the detailed study of select groups of animals, and sample-size limitations for rare species. The epidemiology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suggests that humans have only intermittent contact with the virus, which complicates selection of target species. Further study of the epidemiology of human outbreaks to further define the environmental contact of primary cases would be of great value