When and where students engage in recreational reading

Students in fourth, eighth, and twelfth grades of Eagle Grove Community Schools in Eagle Grove, Iowa, responded to a questionnaire seeking to ascertain where the students were and what time it was when they engaged in recreational reading. Responses were categorized by the researcher and analyzed by grade level and sex. Location categories, from the highest percentage of responses to the lowest inlcuded: bedroom , school , living room , kitchen , other home , outdoors , transportation , library , bathroom , other buildings , and don\u27t read . Time period categories, from the highest percentage of responses to the lowest included: evening , school , afternoon , morning , vacations , qualified time periods , meal times , bored , and don\u27t read . No single location or time period category received over a 40% response rate from the students

Perspectives on validation of high-throughput assays supporting 21st century toxicity testing

Summary In vitro high-throughput screening (HTS

4-iodotamoxifen aziridine, a new affinity labeling agent for the rapid detection of estrogen receptor isoforms

We describe the simple and fast preparation of a new radioiodinated probe for the detection of the estrogen receptor (ER) and its isoforms. Iodotamoxifen aziridine was labeled with iodine 125 ([125I]TAZ) in position 4 of the α aromatic ring. The yield was high (>75%), the label was stable and the specific activity was near optimal (1900-2170 Ci/mmol). The apparent relative binding affinity of the probe to a recombinant human ER (hER) was high (RBA = 35 vs estradiol = 100). Electrophoretic studies (SDS- PAGE) with this hER indicated the high potency of [125I]TAZ at very low concentration (<1 nM) to reveal ER bands after a short exposure time (1-4 days). Competition between this probe and various compounds as well as chemical treatments of the ER with SH-reactive chemicals, demonstrated the labeling specificity. Analysis of cytosols from a panel of cell lines and various rat reproductive organs displayed characteristic ER bands (67, 50 and 37 kDa) suppressed by unlabeled E2. Detection in nonreproductive organs of 43 kDa E2-nondisplaceable peptide raised the question upon the presence of altered and/or variant ERs in many tissues. Data concerning human breast cancer cytosols were in complete accordance with those established with [3H]TAZ: high ER polymorphism in most ER-positive samples and peculiar forms (mainly 43 kDa) in ER, negative samples. Hence, [125I]TAZ appears especially useful for the detection of altered ER or related peptides in breast cancers.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe