ARTEMIS: The First Mission to the Lunar Libration Orbits

The ARTEMIS mission will be the first to navigate to and perform stationkeeping operations around the Earth-Moon L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has previous mission experience flying in the Sun-Earth L1 (SOHO, ACE, WIND, ISEE-3) and L2 regimes (WMAP) and have maintained these spacecraft in libration point orbits by performing regular orbit stationkeeping maneuvers. The ARTEMIS mission will build on these experiences, but stationkeeping in Earth-Moon libration orbits presents new challenges since the libration point orbit period is on the order of two weeks rather than six months. As a result, stationkeeping maneuvers to maintain the Lissajous orbit will need to be performed frequently, and the orbit determination solutions between maneuvers will need to be quite accurate. The ARTEMIS mission is a collaborative effort between NASA GSFC, the University of California at Berkeley (UCB), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The ARTEMIS mission is part of the THEMIS extended mission. ARTEMIS comprises two of the five THEMIS spacecraft that will be maneuvered from near-Earth orbits into lunar libration orbits using a sequence of designed orbital maneuvers and Moon & Earth gravity assists. In July 2009, a series of orbit-raising maneuvers began the proper orbit phasing of the two spacecraft for the first lunar flybys. Over subsequent months, additional propulsive maneuvers and gravity assists will be performed to move each spacecraft though the Sun-Earth weak stability regions and eventually into Earth-Moon libration point orbits. We will present the overall orbit designs for the two ARTEMIS spacecraft and provide analysis results of the 3/4-body dynamics, and the sensitivities of the trajectory design to both maneuver errors and orbit determination errors. We will present results from the. initial orbit-raising maneuvers

CSR disclosure in response to major airline accidents: a legitimacy-based exploration

PURPOSE. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature investigating disclosure reactions to legitimacy threats by analyzing the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure reactions to catastrophic accidents suffered by major airlines. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH. The authors use content analysis to examine changes in annual report disclosure in response to four separate airline disasters. The authors adopt two classification schemes and two measurement approaches to explore these changes. FINDINGS. The authors find that for three events the organizations appear to have responded with considerable increases in CSR disclosure that are consistent with attempts of legitimation. For one of the events examined, the authors find no disclosure response and suggest that this could be due to the company’s unwillingness to accept responsibility. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS. The study’s focus on major airlines that have suffered an accident with available annual reports in English meant that other companies had to be excluded from the analysis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS. The findings demonstrate the use of the annual report as a legitimation tool and further highlight the need for greater transparency and comparability across publications. ORIGINALITY/VALUE. The paper adds to the scarce literature examining corporate disclosure reactions following threats to their social legitimacy

Electronic Selection Rules Controlling Dislocation Glide in bcc Metals

The validity of the structure-property relationships governing the deformation behavior of bcc metals was brought into question with recent {\it ab initio} density functional studies of isolated screw dislocations in Mo and Ta. These existing relationships were semiclassical in nature, having grown from atomistic investigations of the deformation properties of the groups V and VI transition metals. We find that the correct form for these structure-property relationships is fully quantum mechanical, involving the coupling of electronic states with the strain field at the core of long $a/2$ screw dislocations.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

FLORIDA\u27S NUISANCE ALLIGATOR CONTROL PROGRAM

The recovery of alligators from centuries of exploitation, coupled with a burgeoning human population in Florida has resulted in an increasing number of problem animals and alligator attacks. In response to this problem, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission implemented a nuisance alligator control program in 1978. A mean of 2513 nuisance alligators per year was harvested during the period 1978 to 1988. The number of alligator complaints, nuisance alligators harvested, and alligator attacks increased significantly over the period (P=0.0003, P=0.0001, and P=0.04). The value of alligator meat remained stable at about $5.00/pound over the same period, while the price paid for alligator hides has varied from$8.52 to $42.72/linear foot. The high economic value of this resource coupled with a commensurate license and tag fee structure has resulted in a program for removal of nuisance alligators that is relatively self-sufficient

Modeling work practices under socio-technical systems for sustainable manufacturing performance

In light of the overwhelming consumption of resources by the manufacturing sector, this paper examined three key subsystems that are critical in greening the sector. Whereas the extant literature has focused on technological development to reduce environmental damage, it has not analyzed profoundly how manufacturing processes can be greened effectively. Hence, using carefully gathered data of 299 respondents and structural equation modeling, this paper sought to investigate the mediating effect of social, environmental, and technical subsystems on the relationship between management support and sustainable manufacturing performance. The results show that management support has a positive relationship with sustainable manufacturing performance (p < 0.005), while social, environmental, and technical subsystems partially mediate this relationship. Hence, efforts must be taken to encourage management of manufacturing firms to support sustainable management performance, while at the same time supporting them to introduce innovative social, environmental, and technical practices

The likely suspect’s framework: the need for a life cycle approach for managing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks across multiple scales

Publication history: Accepted - 10 May 2022: Published online - 8 June 2022The ongoing declines in Atlantic salmon populations across its range underscore the need for co-ordinated scientific-based knowledge to support management and decisions for their conservation. Current salmon management actions remain largely focused on addressing bottlenecks to production in the freshwater phase of the life-cycle, whereas the continued declines observed in the recent decades are thought to be driven primarily by constraints on the marine phase. The challenges brought by global warming and other emerging stressors require immediate actions, requiring us to re-think the methods behind stock assessment and forge stronger linkages between data, models and policies to promote more effective management actions. We outline a scientific framework that takes a wider ecosystem view, designed to evaluate holistically a suite of indicators and potential drivers of salmon mortality at key phases of the life cycle. The aims of the proposed “Likely Suspects Framework” are to enhance cross-fertilisation of ideas between assessment processes at the stock-complex scale and stock-specific focused management activities, and to develop new decision support tools to improve management efficiencies and scenario testing. Adopting such an approach provides a new way to catalyse the acquisition and deployment of both existing and new data and models that are urgently needed for assisting the conservation and future stewardship of salmon stocks on both sides of the Atlantic.This work was supported largely by funding from the UK Missing Salmon Allianc

Paleomagnetism of the Devonian Onondaga Limestone Revisited

Ninety-six oriented samples were collected from 13 sites in the Onondaga limestone of New York for paleomagnetic study, including rock magnetism and magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. The sites were located in a small penecontemporaneous fold and a larger fold of imprecisely known origin, as well as flatlying beds. The natural remanent magnetizations (NRM) give directions (declination 195.1°, inclination 84.4°, and α_95 = 6.9° for N = 13 sites) that are similar to those originally measured for the Onondaga limestone by Graham (1956). Alternating field and thermal demagnetization analyses show that the NRM is a composite of a large viscous component along the present geomagnetic field and a smaller, more stable component of magnetization with a shallow and southerly direction. The site mean directions after 300 Oe of magnetic cleaning, but without correction for bedding tilt, give a formation mean of declination 168.7°, inclination 13.6°, and α_95 = 8.3° for N = 9 sites (the magnetizations at four sites could not be adequately resolved and are omitted). Although the stable magnetization is shown to be of postfolding origin, essentially the same direction is obtained at sites with flat-lying bedding as at the sites with folded bedding prior to tilt correction. Rock magnetic investigations indicate that some form of magnetite is the important magnetic mineral in the limestone. The similarity in magnetic fabric between a small penecontemporaneous fold and a larger fold suggests acquisition of magnetic properties while the sediment was still unconsolidated. The postfolding origin of stable remanence is therefore interpreted as a form of postdepositional detrital remanent magnetism. The paleomagnetic pole position derived from the formation mean direction is located at latitude 39.7°N, longitude 120.7°E (dp = 4.3°, dm = 8.5°) and agrees reasonably well with other Devonian poles from cratonic North America, although a Permian age for the magnetizations of the Onondaga cannot be entirely discounted

Amphetamine-Induced Displacement of [ 18 F] Fallypride in Striatum and Extrastriatal Regions in Humans

This study examined D-amphetamine (D-AMPH)-induced displacements of [ 18 F] fallypride in striatal and extrastriatal regions and the correlations of these displacements with cognition, affect, and sensation-seeking behavior. In all, 14 normal subjects, six females and eight males (ages 21-32, mean age 25.9 years), underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with [ 18 F]fallypride before and 3 h after a 0.43 mg/kg oral dose of D-AMPH. Levels of dopamine (DA) D 2 receptor density were calculated with the reference region method of Lammerstma. Percent displacements in striatal and extrastriatal regions were calculated for the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, medial thalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra, and temporal cortex. Correlations of changes in cognition, affect, and sensation seeking with parametric images of D-AMPH-induced DA release were computed. Significant displacements were seen in the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum substantia nigra, and temporal cortex with a trend level change in the amygdala. Greatest displacements were seen in striatal subdivisionsF5.6% in caudate, 11.2% in putamen, 7.2% in ventral striatum, and 6.6% in substantia nigra. Lesser decrements were seen in amygdalaF4.4%, temporal cortexF3.7%, and thalamusF2.8%. Significant clusters of correlations of regional DA release with cognition and sensation-seeking behavior were observed. The current study demonstrates that [ 18 F]fallypride PET studies using oral D-AMPH (0.43 mg/kg) can be used to study D-AMPH-induced DA release in the striatal and extrastriatal regions in humans, and their relationship with cognition and sensation-seeking behavior