Computer program analyzes and designs supersonic wing-body combinations

Computer program formulates geometric description of the wing body configuration, optimizes wing camber shape, determines wing shape for a given pressure distribution, and calculates pressures, forces, and moments on a given configuration. The program consists of geometry definition, transformation, and paneling, and aerodynamics, and flow visualization

A near-field approach to the sonic boom problem

Calculations of shock wave pattern in field surrounding arbitrary aircraft configurations at supersonic speeds based on wing-body analysis method

Ferroelectricity in the xAg2Nb4O11–(1−x)Na2Nb4O11 solid solution

Compositions in the (AgxNa1-x)2Nb4O11 solid solution have been prepared by a conventional solid state method. Composites containing Ag2Nb4O11 have been shown to be ferroelectric and the Curie temperature shown to decrease from 149 °C at x = 1 to 62 °C at x = 0.7. Roomtemperature compositions with x ≤ 0.7 are monoclinic, while those with x ≥ 0.8 are rhombohedral with structures consistent with the relevant end-members. At x = 0.75, the structure was mainly rhombohedral but with coexistence of the monoclinic structure, indicating the proximity of a phase boundary

A viscous potential flow interaction analysis method for multi-element infinite swept wings, volume 2

The program input and output are described, and the program listing is presented. A sample program output for an infinite swept wing calculation is shown

A viscous/potential flow interaction analysis method for multi-element infinite swept wings, volume 1

An analysis method and computer program have been developed for the calculation of the viscosity dependent aerodynamic characteristics of multi-element infinite swept wings in incompressible flow. The wing configuration consisting at the most of a slat, a main element and double slotted flap is represented in the method by a large number of panels. The inviscid pressure distribution about a given configuration in the normal chord direction is determined using a two dimensional potential flow program employing a vortex lattice technique. The boundary layer development over each individual element of the high lift configuration is determined using either integral or finite difference boundary layer techniques. A source distribution is then determined as a function of the calculated boundary layer displacement thickness and pressure distributions. This source distribution is included in the second calculation of the potential flow about the configuration. Once the solution has converged (usually after 2-5 iterations between the potential flow and boundary layer calculations) lift, drag, and pitching moments can be determined as functions of Reynolds number

Improved method for aerodynamic analysis of wing-body-tail configurations in subsonic and supersonic flow

Method permits analysis of noncircular bodies and calculation of wing-body interference effects in presence of body closure, two features not previously available. In addition, use of vortex distribution, having linear variation in streamwise direction, results in improved chordwise pressure distributions on wing and tail surfaces

Transport and Older People: Integrating Transport Planning Tools with User Needs

This study was funded through a pump-priming grant from the Strategic Promotion of Ageing Research Capacity (SPARC) programme. The purpose of the project was to bring together transport and public health research in order to demonstrate how the involvement of older people can help improve tools for transport planning. The study was unique in that it brought together public health and transport planning and engineering with older people to consider how services can be more responsive to older people’s transport needs. The project had five research objectives: 1. To investigate how accessibility problems impact on older people’s independence 2. To determine the extent to which currently available data sources and modelling tools reflect older people’s stated accessibility needs 3. To understand how the gap between expected and perceived accessibility problems varies across different categories of older people 4. To pilot techniques that could be applied to provide a more robust measure of accessibility for older people. 5. To build new research capacity across disciplines to develop a national focus on the interactions between ageing and transport planning. The methods were determined on the basis of ‘appropriate tools with maximum output’. Focus group interviews were selected as a useful tool for reaching a large number of older people within a limited time span, for providing an arena for discussion and debate about a topical subject and for generating ideas for improving transport planning. Following the interviews accompanied walks were undertaken with older people in a range of road environments and traffic situations. The purpose of these walks was to observe and explore the way older people interact with their environment. Data from the focus group interviews and the observations were compared with the outputs from an accessibility planning tool used by local authorities to plan accessible and acceptable transport routes (Accession™). The purpose of this exercise was to investigate whether or not such tools are able to take into account the varying needs of older people. The study was undertaken over eight months. Eighty one older people living in the Leeds district took part in the focus groups. They covered a broad range of mobility levels and used a variety of transport types, as such a reasonably rounded perspective on the issues concerned was offered. In addition six walks were undertaken with older people in their community

Sequential License Buyback Auctions: An Experimental Analysis

Fisheries managers use licenses as a method of capping the size of a fishing industry, but as management goals change and the size of fishery stocks fluctuate, managers may be faced with the decision to buy back licenses. The vast majority of economic literature on license buyback programs focuses on the changes to economic efficiency of the fleet, often citing changes to the composition of fleet size. However, managers have little guidance in deciding how to structure a buyback auction, despite the fact that the auction structure plays a key role in determining which licenses are retired and in the composition of the remaining fleet. With the Texas Park and Wildlife Department’s Inshore Shrimp License Buyback Program as a basis for auction design, this research uses three experimental treatments to analyze how individuals respond to various reverse auction structures. In terms of the quickest license expiration, our experiments suggest that fisheries managers should select a binding auction with no sequential quality. However, we find that managers would see higher average bids from fishers in comparison to the two sequential auctions. The results are also relevant to other environmental programs in which environmental services are purchased over time in a sequential reverse auction.Fisheries management, license buyback, reverse auction, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Q22, Q28, C9,

Calibration and comparison of chlorine decay models for a test water distribution system

This paper investigates the kinetics of monochloramine as disinfectant in a 1.3 km water pipe. A novel procedure for the correction of chlorine meter errors is introduced and applied. Parameter estimation using nonlinear optimisation procedures is used to identify decay coefficients for monochloramine models with a single coefficient or two coefficients as used in EPANET. Important difficulties in fitting these parameters which come about because of the model structure are highlighted. Finally, results of decay coefficients are presented and investigated for flow, inlet chlorine concentration and temperature dependence