258,849 research outputs found
Stresses in the vicinity of an un-reinforced mitre intersection: an experimental and finite element comparison
The experimental investigation reported provides elastic stresses in the vicinity of the unreinforced intersection of a single 90° mitred bend, subjected to an in-plane bending moment. The specimen was extensively strain gauged on the outer surface. A small number of rosettes were also laid on the inside surface close to the welded intersection. The procedures used for the successful installation of the inside surface gauges are discussed. In the experiment, consideration was also given to deflections and rotations. Satisfactory comparisons with adaptive-p thin-shell finite element results were obtained in general and differences are explained in terms of the known experimental variables and finite element approximations. The nature of the stresses at such intersections is discussed and various methods of obtaining fatigue 'hot-spot' stresses are considered
Spatiotemporal properties of multiscale two-dimensional ows
The extraordinary complexity of turbulence has motivated the study of some of its key
features in
flows with similar structure but simpler or even trivial dynamics. Recently,
a novel class of such
flows has been developed in the laboratory by applying multiscale
electromagnetic forcing to a thin layer of conducting
fluid. In spite of being stationary,
planar, and laminar these
flows have been shown to resemble turbulent ones in terms of
energy spectra and particle dispersion. In this thesis, some extensions of these
flows are
investigated through simulations of a layer-averaged model carried out using a bespoke
semi-Lagrangian spline code. The selected forcings generalise the experimental ones by
allowing for various kinds of self-similarity and planetary motion of the multiple scales.
The spatiotemporal structure of the forcings is largely reflected on the
flows, since they
mainly arise from a linear balance between forcing and bottom friction. The exponents
of the approximate power laws found in the wavenumber spectra can thus be related to
the scaling and geometrical forcing parameters. The Eulerian frequency spectra of the
unsteady
flows exhibit similar power laws originating from the sweeping of the multiple
flow scales by the forcing motions. The disparity between
fluid and sweeping velocities
makes it possible to justify likewise the observed Lagrangian power laws, but precludes
a proper analogy with turbulence. In the steady case, the absolute dispersion of tracer
particles presents ballistic and diffusive stages, while relative dispersion shows a superquadratic
intermediate stage dominated by separation bursts due to the various scales.
In the unsteady case, the absence of trapping by fixed streamlines leads to appreciable
enhancement of relative dispersion at low and moderate rotation frequency. However,
the periodic reversals of the large scale give rise to subdiffusive absolute dispersion and
severely impede relative dispersion at high frequency
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Bringing the past to heel: History, identity and violence in Ian McEwan's Black Dogs
Ian McEwan's 1992 novel Black Dogs employs postmodern understandings of history while also critiquing these same perspectives. In particular, by depicting the efforts of its protagonist, Jeremy, to write a memoir of his parents-in-law, it draws attention to the subjectivity of historical writing. While this quality has led some critics to condemn the novel for its escapism and amorality, the authors of the essay argue that Black Dogs is a statement about the necessity of history rather than its futility. Indeed, they read the text as a dramatization of humanity-s ability to bear rather than escape the often troubling burden of the past and an endorsement of the writing of history despite the awareness that historiography, while serving deep-seated human needs, is always problematic
Evidence for mass ejection associated with long secondary periods in red giants
Approximately 30% of luminous red giants exhibit a Long Secondary Period
(LSP) of variation in their light curves, in addition to a shorter primary
period of oscillation. The cause of the LSP has so far defied explanation:
leading possibilities are binarity and a nonradial mode of oscillation. Here,
large samples of red giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud both with and without
LSPs are examined for evidence of an 8 or 24 m mid-IR excess caused by
circumstellar dust. It is found that stars with LSPs show a significant mid-IR
excess compared to stars without LSPs. Furthermore, the near-IR - color
seems unaffected by the presence of the 24 m excess. These findings
indicate that LSPs cause mass ejection from red giants and that the lost mass
and circumstellar dust is most likely in either a clumpy or a disk-like
configuration. The underlying cause of the LSP and the mass ejection remains
unknown.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication in Ap
Belyi-extending maps and the Galois action on dessins d'enfants
We study the absolute Galois group by looking for invariants and orbits of
its faithful action on Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants. We define a class of
functions called Belyi-extending maps, which we use to construct new Galois
invariants of dessins from previously known invariants. Belyi-extending maps
are the source of the ``new-type'' relations on the injection of the absolute
Galois group into the Grothendieck-Teichmuller group. We make explicit how to
get from a general Belyi-extending map to formula for its associated invariant
which can be implemented in a computer algebra package. We give an example of a
new invariant differing on two dessins which have the same values for the other
readily computable invariants.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; submitted for publication; revisions are that
the paper now deals only with Galois invariants of dessins, and that material
is slightly expande
An impact evaluation framework: Local government community festivals
This article brings together the author's previous research and consultancy along with a review of literature from several disciplines to develop a framework that summarizes the concepts, methods, and processes required to successfully evaluate the impacts of local government community festivals. Events and festivals are a relatively underresearched area but have experienced a growing amount of public sector expenditure. The framework developed and presented here is in response to the need to encourage greater evaluation of this activity and in doing so recognize the complexity of the process. The impacts of many such festivals are diverse (economic, social, environmental), far reaching (local, national, international), and long term. The evaluation of these impacts, therefore, requires an understanding of the concepts involved and the development of a range of tools and methods. The proposed framework is informed by the empirical research, theory, and practice in the areas of information systems, marketing communications, event studies, and public sector evaluation. Bringing together these distinct but related fields of study has enabled the development of a comprehensive and novel approach to event impact evaluation. Copyright © 2009 Cognizant Comm. Corp
EXPLORING THE DECLINE IN THE MALE SHARE OF COLLEGE ENROLLMENT: WHAT IT SAYS ABOUT MASCULINITY
This paper explores the declining male share of enrollment in higher education and the implications for the economy, society, and gender relations. The United States, like many other developed nations, places high emphasis on producing college-educated individuals. The hope is that an investment in a college education will increase a person’s human capital and in turn, yield higher salary returns in the labor market. In the early 20th century, women were excluded from college, and thus male college enrollment exceeded female enrollment. Since the 1980s, however, the college gender gap has declined and is now reversed with men a minority of college enrollees (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013). The gender gap in higher education has occurred simultaneously with rising labor market and education incentives, suggesting that men are not responding to these increased returns, as seen by the recent slowdown in men’s enrollment (DiPrete & Buchmann, 2013). This paper explores the factors that have contributed to this shift in enrollments. To do so, I present an economic regression analysis using panel data from national higher education institutions as well as macro-level data and sociological variables to explore the determinants of the declining share of male enrollment. The results may be useful in addressing the causes of this trend, and in identifying policies to remedy the problem
Britannia’s Shield: Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Hutton and Late-Victorian Imperial Defence (Book Review) by Craig Stockings
Review of Britannia’s Shield: Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Hutton and Late-Victorian Imperial Defence by Craig Stocking
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