Bisophosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis in women with breast cancer

Abstract Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder. It is characterized by a decrease in bone density, which results in a greater likelihood of hip, vertebral and long bone fractures. Women who are undergoing hormonal treatment for hormone-related breast cancer are particularly at risk for osteoporosis. Among women diagnosed with premenopausal breast cancer, therapeutic activities may result in secondary loss of ovarian function or include complete hormonal blockade. Long-term reduction of estrogen concentration adversely affects bone metabolism. It is recommended to assess the risk of bone fractures with densitometry in patients with hormone blockade effects. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation, moderate exercise is recommended. If bone mineral density is reduced, consideration should be given to initiating bisphosphonate therapy. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. The most important is the division into two classes: compounds containing no nitrogen (called simple bisphosphonates) and containing nitrogen. This division carries a significant difference in the strength of bone resorption inhibition and a different mechanism of action

Nanocomposite membranes with Au nanoparticles for dialysis-based catalytic reduction-separation of nitroaromatic compounds

Apart from the fact that nitroaromatic compounds (NARs) have toxic and mutagenic characteristics, they are also essential substrates for the synthesis of aromatic amines (AAMs). In this context, the present study presents a new approach that enables NAR-contaminated wastewaters to be treated as a reagent for the synthesis of AAMs. It involves the fabrication of anion exchange membranes with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) that simultaneously reduce 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and separate the resultant 4-aminophenol (4-AP) via. the dialysis mechanism. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared by amino-modification of poly(vinyl chloride) films obtained in the presence of cyclohexanone (CH) or tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by Au(III) reduction coupled-adsorption. The nanomaterials were analysed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The catalytic reaction was carried out in a dialysis unit, where the concentration of 4-NP in the wastewater, and the concentration of separated 4-AP were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanocomposite membranes formed using THF effectively reduced the 4-NP and separated the resultant 4-AP. The yield of the 4-NP conversion reached 80% with a rate constant of 11.30 10-3 min-1. Based on the results, THF contributed to the formation of diffusion paths in which the 4-NP was simultaneously separated and reduced

DISFUNKCIJE POVEZANE S PROVEDBOM KORPORATIVNE DRUŠTVENE ODGOVORNOSTI U POLJSKOJ

It is fashionable, in recent years, that more and more entities implement the Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct to abide by the rules of Corporate Social Responsibility. To an extent the concept is a response to new requirements faced by the enterprises. They consist mostly of close cooperation between the enterprise and its environment as well as complying with commonly accepted norms and rules. The aim of the article is to establish a multidirectional evaluation of various CSR solutions in Poland. The main objective of the paper is to assess the importance of complying with the CSR premises as well as many benefits coming from non-particularistic and non-individualist approach to the issues of social responsibility. It presents the results of the analysis and research regarding Corporate Social Responsibility applied in Polish enterprises.Posljednjih godina moderno je da sve više i više poslovnih subjekata provode etičke kodekse i kodekse ponašanja kako bi poštovali pravila korporativne društvene odgovornosti. Djelomično je taj koncept odgovor na nove zahtjeve koji se pojavljuju pred poduzećima. Ti se zahtjevi većinom odnose na usku suradnju između poduzeća i okoline u kojoj se nalaze kao i na poštovanje općeprihvaćenih normi i pravila. Cilj ovog rada je uspostavljanje slojevite ocjene raznih rješenja u sklopu korporativne društvene odgovornosti u Poljskoj. Glavni cilj rada je ocjena važnosti poštovanja premise korporativne društvene odgovornosti kao i ocjena dobrobiti pristupa socijalnoj odgovornosti koji ne uzima u obzir partikularne i individualne interese. U radu se predstavljaju rezultati analize i istraživanja korporativne društvene odgovornosti kako se primjenjuje u poljskim poduzećima

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN POLAND – THEORY AND PRACTICE

In the last decade Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an idea playing an increasingly important role in the activity of various enterprises. To an extent the concept is a response to new requirements faced by the enterprises. They consist mostly of a close cooperation between the enterprise and its environment as well as complying with commonly accepted norms and rules. The aim of the article is to establish a multidirectional evaluation of various CSR solutions in Poland. The intention of the authors is to point out the importance of complying with the CSR premises as well as many benefits coming from non-particularistic and non-individualist approach to the issues of social responsibility. Along with necessary theoretical introduction indispensable in case of a research paper the text also presents these issues basing on economic practice

The challenges of rehabilitation after COVID-19

Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, social life and the clinical state of change of state. This disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is characterized by high infectivity and mortality. Due to the diversity of the tested tests, it will be difficult to obtain uniform characteristics, resulting in a uniform recovery plan for each patient. Rehabilitation, repair, execution, restoration to health, independence and reduction in value due to COVID-19

Czy „Portret młodzieńca” w zbiorach wawelskich jest obrazem Jana Lievensa?

In 1910, Cracow art historian Professor Jerzy Mycielski bought Portrait of a young man, believing it to be a work by Dutch painter Jan Lievens, at an auction in Amsterdam. After Mycielski’s death in 1929, following his last will, the portrait along with his entire collection was bequeathed to the Wawel Royal Castle. In an article published in 1917 Hans Schneider saw the likeness of the painting to Rafael’s Portrait of a young man, which was then in the Duke Czartoryski collection. Attribution of the work to Lievens, who until recently was believed to be a student of Rembrandt, has never been questioned previously, although some researchers saw certain similarities between the painting and works by Juriaen Ovens or Govaert Flinck. The painting represents an “international” style of portrait, formed under the Flemish influence, in particular of Anton van Dyck’s portraits. Thus it should be assumed that the work of van Dyck was an important inspiration and point of reference for the artist who painted the portrait, who might have seen Rafael’s Portrait – the original, its copy or a graphic version. All the more so as van Dyck himself was familiar with Rafael’s work – he saw it during his journey to Italy in 1623 and made a copy in the form of drawing in his sketchbook. Other than a close a likeness to Rafael’s original and van Dyck’s works, the stylistic analysis of the Wawel Portrait does not enable pinpointing who painted it. Examination using technological means appears to be necessary, considering the fact that Lievens’ paintings were rather carefully examined in view of the recent monographic exhibition at the National Gallery in Washington and the Rembrandthuis in Amsterdam. The fact that the Wawel painting was included in Lievens’ works displayed at that exhibition seems to suggest that the ideas of those researchers who saw it as a work by Flinck or Ovens should be revisited. Flinck’s portraits based on Flemish models are only of marginal importance and they certainly do have some common features. They do not show any traces of fascination with van Dyck’s painting; neither are there any cues to suggest that he knew Rafael’s Portrait. On the other hand, Juriaen Ovens, who probably visited Italy, could have seen Rafael’s work. He might have come across a copy of it as a collector or as an antiquarian – since he not only had a large collection of paintings but also traded in antiquities. His fascination with van Dyck’s painting and the fact that he was familiar with his oeuvre is confirmed by his numerous sketches of paintings by the Flemish master. The analysis of some details of the Wawel portrait – folds of the young man’s outfit or landscape in the background – also seem to support the assumption that it is his work

Institutions in the context of implementing the CSR concept and social trust

Purpose: The purpose of considerations undertaken in this paper is to emphasize the importance of public trust in institutions and to draw attention to the important (but often marginalized) relationship between institutions and the implementation of the CSR concept. Approach/Methodology/Design: The following research methods will be used in the article: wide range review of literature sources, descriptive method and selected methods of descriptive statistics (taxonomic measure of development and measures of correlation). Findings: The presented analysis shows that the perception of benefits associated with integration with the EU is not conditioned by trust in it as an institution. Importantly, trust in the EU is not affected by respondents’ perception of national and regional centers of power. Practical Implications: Changes in economies that took place recently caused the need for an interdisciplinary approach to economic research and a new definition of economics as a research field. They also make it necessary to recognize and identify social, economic, technical and cultural issues. The subject matter discussed in the paper refers to issues related to social initiatives such as the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the importance of institutions in the effective implementation of the CSR idea. The analyzed issues are considered in the cultural and institutional cognitive perspective. Originality/Value: The article raises an important social problem of public trust in institutions and the impact of institutions on the speed of dissemination of the concept of corporate social responsibility.peer-reviewe