Choroidal Haller's and Sattler's Layer Thickness Measurement Using 3-Dimensional 1060-nm Optical Coherence Tomography

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of automatically segmented choroidal vessels in three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nmOCT by testing repeatability in healthy and AMD eyes and by mapping Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness in healthy eyes Methods: Fifty-five eyes (from 45 healthy subjects and 10 with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects) were imaged by 3D-1060-nmOCT over a 36°x36° field of view. Haller's and Sattler's layer were automatically segmented, mapped and averaged across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. For ten AMD eyes and ten healthy eyes, imaging was repeated within the same session and on another day. Outcomes were the repeatability agreement of Haller's and Sattler's layer thicknesses in healthy and AMD eyes, the validation with ICGA and the statistical analysis of the effect of age and axial eye length (AL) on both healthy choroidalsublayers. Results: The coefficients of repeatability for Sattler's and Haller's layers were 35% and 21% in healthy eyes and 44% and 31% in AMD eyes, respectively. The mean±SD healthy central submacular field thickness for Sattler's and Haller's was 87±56 µm and 141±50 µm, respectively, with a significant relationship for AL (P<.001). Conclusions: Automated Sattler's and Haller's thickness segmentation generates rapid 3D measurements with a repeatability correspondingto reported manual segmentation. Sublayers in healthy eyes thinnedsignificantly with increasing AL. In the presence of the thinned Sattler's layer in AMD, careful measurement interpretation is needed. Automatic choroidal vascular layer mapping may help to explain if pathological choroidal thinning affects medium and large choroidal vasculature in addition to choriocapillaris loss.Macular Vision Research FoundationMedical University of ViennaEuropean Union (project FUN OCT (FP7 HEALTH, contract no. 201880))European Union (FAMOS (FP7 ICT 317744))European Union (FWF-NFN ‘Photoacoustic imaging in biology and Medicine’, Oesterreichische Nationalbank Jubilaumsfonds projekt (14294))National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH R01-EY011289-27)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-GSC80-SAOT)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-GSC80-SAOT, DFG-HO-1791/11-1)Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.FEMTOLASERS (Firm)Christian Doppler Societ

A comparison of two emergency cricothyroidotomy kits in human cadavers

BACKGROUND: We compared two emergency cricothyroidotomy kits designed to avoid lesions during insertion, one based on the Seldinger technique (ST), the other based on the concept of a mechanical detection of the posterior wall of the larynx, with regard to insertion time, success rate, and complication rate. METHODS: Cricothyroidotomy was performed under fiberoptic control in 40 human cadavers embalmed according to Thiel's technique. The set chosen for use was randomized: new technique (NT) or ST. Duration of the procedure, success rates, and incidence of laryngeal injuries were compared. Traumatic lesions observed with the fiberoptic bronchoscope were anatomically confirmed after dissection. RESULTS: The two groups had comparable epidemiological and anatomical records. Cricothyroidotomy was performed faster with the NT than with the ST (median 54 vs 71 s, P = 0.01). Failure rates were comparable between groups (4 vs 1, P = 0.34), and there were fewer major complications in the posterior tracheal wall with the ST (0 vs 8, P = 0.003). In the ST group, only minor punctiform lesions of the posterior trachea wall were observed in four cases. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, despite a shorter insertion time, the NT produced more lesions and more failures than the ST

Choroidal Thinning in Diabetes Type 1 Detected by 3- Dimensional 1060 nm Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE. To map choroidal (ChT) and retinal thickness (RT) in patients with diabetes type 1 with and without maculopathy and retinopathy in order to compare them with healthy subjects using high speed 3-dimensional (3D) 1060 nm optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS. Thirty-three eyes from 33 diabetes type 1 subjects (23-57 years, 15 male) divided into groups of without pathology (NDR) and with pathology (DR; including microaneurysms, exudates, clinically significant macular-oedema and proliferative retinopathy) were compared with 20 healthy axial eye length and age-matched subjects (24-57 years, 9 male), imaged by high speed (60.000 A-scans/s) 3D 1060 nm OCT performed over 368 3 368 field of view. Ocular health status, disease duration, body mass index, haemoglobin-A1c, and blood pressure (bp) measurements were recorded. Subfoveal ChT, and 2D topographic maps between retinal pigment epithelium and the choroidal/scleralinterface, were automatically generated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS. Subfoveal ChT (mean 6 SD, lm) for healthy eyes was 388 6 109; significantly thicker than all diabetic groups, 291 6 64 for NDR, and 303 6 82 for DR (ANOVA P &lt; 0.004, Tukey P ¼ 0.01 for NDR and DR). Thinning did not relate to recorded factors (multi-regression analysis, P &gt; 0.05). Compared with healthy eyes and the NDR, the averaged DR ChT-map demonstrated temporal thinning that extended superiorly and temporalinferiorly (unpaired t-test, P &lt; 0.05). Foveal RT and RT-maps showed no statistically significant difference between groups (mean SD, lm, healthy 212 6 17, NDR 217 6 15, DR 216 6 27, ANOVA P &gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. ChT is decreased in diabetes type 1, independent of the absence of pathology and of diabetic disease duration. In eyes with pathology, 3D 1060 nm OCT averaged maps showed an extension of the thinning area matching retinal lesions and suggesting its involvement on onset or progression of disease. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6803-6809

Sulfur-bearing lipids for the covalent attachment of supported lipid bilayers to gold surfaces: a detailed characterization and analysis

In a recent paper, a new class of synthetic lipids, which self-assemble to form monolayers on gold surfaces, was introduced. The addn. of a monolayer of phospholipids to these layers results in robust supported lipid bilayers designed to reconstitute transmembrane proteins. This paper presents a detailed characterization of the monolayers and bilayers formed by these lipids and assesses their ability for the incorporation of membrane-spanning proteins. Film balance methods, electron microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, Fourier transform IR measurements and Raman spectroscopy show the feasibility of this concept. However, further modifications to improve the thiolipids are necessary. A new strategy for the formation of laterally structured supported lipid bilayers is discussed and initial results are presented. [on SciFinder (R)

Choroidal Haller’s and Sattler’s Layer Thickness Measurement Using 3-Dimensional 1060-nm Optical Coherence Tomography

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of automatically segmented choroidal vessels in three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nmOCT by testing repeatability in healthy and AMD eyes and by mapping Haller’s and Sattler’s layer thickness in healthy eyes Methods: Fifty-five eyes (from 45 healthy subjects and 10 with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects) were imaged by 3D-1060-nmOCT over a 36ux36u field of view. Haller’s and Sattler’s layer were automatically segmented, mapped and averaged across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. For ten AMD eyes and ten healthy eyes, imaging was repeated within the same session and on another day. Outcomes were the repeatability agreement of Haller’s and Sattler’s layer thicknesses in healthy and AMD eyes, the validation with ICGA and the statistical analysis of the effect of age and axial eye length (AL) on both healthy choroidalsublayers. Results: The coefficients of repeatability for Sattler’s and Haller’s layers were 35% and 21% in healthy eyes and 44% and 31% in AMD eyes, respectively. The mean6SD healthy central submacular field thickness for Sattler’s and Haller’s was 87656 mm and 141650 mm, respectively, with a significant relationship for AL (P,.001). Conclusions: Automated Sattler’s and Haller’s thickness segmentation generates rapid 3D measurements with a repeatability correspondingto reported manual segmentation. Sublayers in healthy eyes thinnedsignificantly with increasing AL. In the presence of the thinned Sattler’s layer in AMD, careful measurement interpretation is needed. Automatic choroidal vascular layer mapping may help to explain if pathological choroidal thinning affects medium and large choroidal vasculature in addition to choriocapillaris loss

Automated calculated mean for healthy Sattler's and Haller's layer thickness across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid ( µm).

<p>Data are expressed in µm and as the mean ± standard deviation (range).</p><p>a. Eyes were grouped based on the normal AL variation with refraction and age by myopia: AL≥24.5 mm, emmetropic: 24.5>AL≥23.4 mm or hyperopic:AL<23.4 mm)</p><p>b. univariate ANOVA (post-hoc test Tukey for hyperopic and myopic eyes)</p

Repeatability of Sattler's and Haller's layer thickness mapping and ETDRS measurements in non-neovascular AMD.

<p>Sattler's layer and Haller's layer are color mapped. Imaging was performed twice at the same session (left and middle column) and on a different day (right column). The vessel segmentation and indocyanine green angiography images of this eye are depicted in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099690#pone-0099690-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a>.</p

Segmentation validation in a non-neovascular AMD eye via a comparison of the segmented vasculature with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

<p>Early phase (A) and middle phase (B) angiography images show the ICGAresolution for choroidal vascular imaging. OCT B-scan centered on the fovea (C), and segmented areasare marked in red (D) to visualize vessel segmentation. The OCT B-scan (D) shows the segmentation lines for the retina between the ILM (green line) and the RBC complex. The choroid is located between the RBC complex and the sclera (yellow line). En face views are locatedat the inner choroid (E), the outer choroid (F) and the entire choroid (G) to demonstrate captured vessels and depth information. The bars represent 1 mm.</p