Strawinskys Transformation des Urbanen.

After 1900 there were new technical inventions like cars, aeroplanes, or locomotives on the one hand, crowded streets and factories on the other, which fundamentally changed the experience of space and time. Simultaneity, motor activity, and montage replaced traditional structures and demanded new modes of perception. Linear development as known in classical drama as well as in symphony or opera appeared increasingly anachronistic. Life at its core was now kinetic and marked by machine-like ‚steely‘ rhythms. In the stage works of Igor Stravinsky these changes are transformed into a musical and scenic language: music is no longer merely sound, it is also and always motoric action; construction and montage are the main principles of this ‚new music‘; the development of themes is replaced by sequences of sound images. The present paper follows these transformations of urban life from Petrouchka (1911) to Le Sacre du Printemps (1913), Les Noces (1914-23), and finally Histoire du Soldat (1918)

"Exercise Teaches You the Pleasure of Discipline": The Female Body in Jane Fonda's Aerobics Videos

The essay shows how Jane Fonda's aerobics video helped to produce a female body image that claims to differ from the normative standards given by society in a particular social segment. The so-called "aerobic body" was a hybrid of the prevailing delicate woman's body and a body which displays strength and a regular training in the form of muscles. Following selected examples, the following questions will be addressed: How was the female body represented in the videos? How did this influence the common body ideal

Influences Upon Organizational Decision Making: Leaders as Role Models

There are five influences that affect organizational decision making. These influences are the code of ethics, corporate values, personal values, peer values, and leadership values. All influences affect the decision making of employees, with leaders having an increased influence due to their position and image as a role model. The strength of leadership influence may be difficult to offset, but an organization can develop formal and informal controls that balance the effect of influences upon the decision making process. When influences are balanced, employees consider both the actions involved and outcome achieved by decision making. Efficient organizational operations are achieved through consistent decision making of all employees, with all decisions striving towards the same goals. Research was conducted within one organization, CIGNA HealthCare, asking questions to determine what influences affect the decision making process

HST/STIS observations of the RW Aurigae bipolar jet: mapping the physical parameters close to the source

We present the results of new spectral diagnostic investigations applied to high-resolution long-slit spectra of the RW Aur bipolar jet obtained with HST/STIS. The spectra include the forbidden doublets [O I] 6300,6363 \AA, [S II] 6716,6731 \AA, and [N II] 6548, 6583 \AA that we utilized to determine electron density, electron temperature, hydrogen ionisation fraction, total hydrogen density, radial velocity and the mass outflow rate. We were able to extract the parameters as far as 3".9 in the red- and 2".1 in the blueshifted beam. The RW Aur jet appears to be the second densest outflow from a T Tauri star studied so far, but its other properties are quite similar to those found in other jets from young stars. The overall trend of the physical parameters along the first few arcseconds of the RW Aur jet is similar to that of HH 30 and DG Tau and this can reflect analogies in the mechanisms operating in that region, suggesting the same engine is accelerating the jets in the T Tauri stars with outflows. Our study of the RW Aur jet indicates for the first time that, despite the detected marked asymmetries in physical and kinematic properties between the two lobes, the mass outflow rates in the two lobes are similar. This appears to indicate that the central engine has constraining symmetries on both sides of the system, and that the observed asymmetries are probably due to different environmental conditions.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomy and Astrophysic

Visual orbit for the low-mass binary Gliese 22 AC from speckle interferometry

Based on 14 data points obtained with near-infrared speckle interferometry and covering an almost entire revolution, we present a first visual orbit for the low-mass binary system Gliese 22 AC. The quality of the orbit is largely improved with respect to previous astrometric solutions. The dynamical system mass is 0.592 +- 0.065 solar masses, where the largest part of the error is due to the Hipparcos parallax. A comparison of this dynamical mass with mass-luminosity relations on the lower main sequence and theoretical evolutionary models for low-mass objects shows that both probably underestimate the masses of M dwarfs. A mass estimate for the companion Gliese 22 C indicates that this object is a very low-mass star with a mass close to the hydrogen burning mass limit.Comment: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, 6 pages, 2 figure

Major clinical findings of β-alanine in sports performance: a systematic review

Introduction: Dietary supplements offer ergogenic aid in an attempt to increase energy, improve recovery and modulate body composition, enabling improved performance. Thus, β-alanine is a substrate of carnosine and is becoming an ergogenic aid for sports performance. Objective: To carry out a systematic review to highlight the main scientific evidence on the improvement of sports performance with the use of β-alanine. Methods: The PRISMA Platform rules were used. The research was developed using the SCOPUS, PUBMED, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: Studies have shown that β-alanine has an important ergogenic role in sports performance. Weeks of beta-alanine supplementation (4-6g per day) significantly increases muscle carnosine concentrations. The only side effect reported is paresthesia. Beta-alanine attenuates neuromuscular fatigue, particularly in older individuals. Also, combining beta-alanine with other supplements can be advantageous when beta-alanine supplementation is high enough (4-6 g per day) and long enough (minimum 4 weeks)