706 research outputs found
Epicyclic orbital oscillations in Newton's and Einstein's dynamics
We apply Feynman's principle, ``The same equations have the same solutions'',
to Kepler's problem and show that Newton's dynamics in a properly curved 3-D
space is identical with that described by Einstein's theory in the 3-D optical
geometry of Schwarzschild's spacetime. For this reason, rather unexpectedly,
Newton's formulae for Kepler's problem, in the case of nearly circular motion
in a static, spherically spherical gravitational potential accurately describe
strong field general relativistic effects, in particular vanishing of the
radial epicyclic frequency at the marginally stable orbit.Comment: 8 page
Atomic Scale Structure and Chemical Composition across Order-Disorder Interfaces
Through a combination of aberration-corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography, the true atomic-scale structure and change in chemical composition across the complex order-disorder interface in a metallic alloy has been determined. The study reveals the presence of two interfacial widths, one corresponding to an order-disorder transition, and the other to the compositional transition across the interface, raising fundamental questions regarding the definition of the interfacial width in such systems
Block bond-order potential as a convergent moments-based method
The theory of a novel bond-order potential, which is based on the block
Lanczos algorithm, is presented within an orthogonal tight-binding
representation. The block scheme handles automatically the very different
character of sigma and pi bonds by introducing block elements, which produces
rapid convergence of the energies and forces within insulators, semiconductors,
metals, and molecules. The method gives the first convergent results for
vacancies in semiconductors using a moments-based method with a low number of
moments. Our use of the Lanczos basis simplifies the calculations of the band
energy and forces, which allows the application of the method to the molecular
dynamics simulations of large systems. As an illustration of this convergent
O(N) method we apply the block bond-order potential to the large scale
simulation of the deformation of a carbon nanotube.Comment: revtex, 43 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Elevated circulating and placental SPINT2 is associated with placental dysfunction
Biomarkers for placental dysfunction are currently lacking. We recently identified SPINT1 as a novel biomarker; SPINT2 is a functionally related placental protease inhibitor. This study aimed to characterise SPINT2 expression in placental insufficiency. Circulating SPINT2 was assessed in three prospective cohorts, collected at the following: (1) term delivery (n = 227), (2) 36 weeks (n = 364), and (3) 24–34 weeks’ (n = 294) gestation. SPINT2 was also measured in the plasma and placentas of women with established placental disease at preterm (p = 0.028; median = 2233 pg/mL vs. controls, median = 1644 pg/mL), or delivered a small-for-gestational-age infant (p = 0.002; median = 2109 pg/mL vs. controls, median = 1614 pg/mL). SPINT2 was elevated in the placentas of patients who required delivery for preterm preeclampsia (p = 0.025). Though inflammatory cytokines had no effect, hypoxia increased SPINT2 in cytotrophoblast stem cells, and its expression was elevated in the placental labyrinth of growth-restricted rats. These findings suggest elevated SPINT2 is associated with placental insufficiency
Rate Measurement of and Constraints on Mixing
We present an observation and rate measurement of the decay D0 -> K+pi-pi0
produced in 9/fb of e+e- collisions near the Upsilon(4S) resonance. The signal
is inconsistent with an upward fluctuation of the background by 4.9 standard
deviations. We measured the rate of D0 -> K+pi-pi0 normalized to the rate of
D0bar -> K+pi-pi0 to be 0.0043 +0.0011 -0.0010 (stat) +/- 0.0007 (syst). This
decay can be produced by doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed decays or by the D0 evolving
into a D0bar through mixing, followed by a Cabibbo-favored decay to K+pi-pi0.
We also found the CP asymmetry A=(8 +25 -22)% to be consistent with zero.Comment: 10 pages postscript, also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
Search for Baryon and Lepton Number Violating Decays of the Lepton
We have searched for five decay modes of the tau lepton that simultaneously
violate lepton and baryon number: tau -> anti-proton gamma, tau -> anti-proton
pi0, tau -> anti-proton eta, tau -> anti-proton 2pi0, and tau -> anti-proton
pi0eta. The data used in the search were collected with the CLEO II detector at
the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The integrated luminosity of the data
sample is 4.7 fb^{-1}, corresponding to the production of 4.3 x 10^6 tau+tau-
events. No evidence is found for any of the decays, resulting in much improved
upper limits on the branching fractions for the two-body decays and first upper
limits for the three-body decays.Comment: 8 pages, postscript file also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
Observation of Radiative Leptonic Decay of the Tau Lepton
Using 4.68 fb^{-1} of e^+e^- annihilation data collected with the CLEO II
detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) we have studied tau
radiative decays tau -> mu nu nu gamma and tau -> e nu nu gamma. For a 10 MeV
minimum photon energy in the tau rest frame, the branching fraction of
radiative tau decay to a muon or electron is measured to be
(3.61+-0.16+-0.35)*10^{-3} or (1.75+-0.06+-0.17)*10^{-2}, respectively. The
branching fractions are in agreement with the Standard Model theoretical
predictions.Comment: 11 pages postscript, also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
A Measurement of the Decay Asymmetry Parameters in \Xi_{c}^{0}\to \X^{-}\pi^{+}
Using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring we have
measured the decay asymmetry parameter in the decay . We find , using the world average value of
we obtain . The physically allowed range of a decay
asymmetry parameter is . Our result prefers a negative value:
is at the 90% CL. The central value occupies the
middle of the theoretically expected range but is not yet precise enough to
choose between models.Comment: 10 pages postscript, also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
Study of Charmless Hadronic B Meson Decays to Pseudoscalar-Vector Final States
We report results of searches for charmless hadronic B meson decays to
pseudoscalar(pi^+-,K^+-,Pi^0 or Ks^0)-vector(Rho, K* or Omega) final states.
Using 9.7 million BBbar pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we report first
observation of B^- --> Pi^-Rho^0, B^0 --> Pi^+-Rho^-+ and B^- --> Pi^-Omega,
which are expected to be dominated by hadronic b --> u transitions. The
measured branching fractions are (10.4+3.3-3.4+-2.1)x10^-6,
(27.6+8.4-7.4+-4.2)x10^-6 and (11.3+3.3-2.9+-1.4)x10^-6, respectively.
Branching fraction upper limits are set for all the other decay modes
investigated.Comment: 10 pages postscript, also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
First Observation of
We report on a study of exclusive radiative decays of the Upsilon(1S)
resonance collected with the CLEO-II detector operating at CESR. We present the
first observation of the radiative decays Upsilon(1S)->gamma pi+pi- and
Upsilon(1S)->gamma pi0pi0. For the dipion mass regime m(pipi)>1.0 GeV, we
obtain Br(Upsilon(1S)->gamma pi+pi-=(6.3+/-1.2+/-1.3) x 10^(-5), and
Br(Upsilon(1S)->gamma pi0pi0=(1.7+/-0.6+/-0.3) x 10^(-5). The observed gamma
pipi events are consistent with the hypothesis Upsilon(1S)->gamma f2(1270).Comment: 9 pages, postscript file also available through
http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
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