Impactos da diversidade de informações sobre a pandemia de COVID-19 no conhecimento e comportamento populacional, no município de Araras – SP

No fim de 2019, em Wuhan, na China, foi descoberto um novo coronavírus causador da doença COVID-19. Depois, diversos casos da doença foram identificados pelo mundo e o vírus se espalhou, causando uma pandemia. Até hoje, faltam informações sobre essa patologia e seu vírus causador, principalmente quanto a seus tratamento e prevenção, levando à disseminação de pseudoinformações e de notícias equívocas sobre variados aspectos da COVID-19, o que favoreceu a prática de comportamentos de risco pela população. Conforme exposto acima, fez-se necessário analisar o quão grave foi o impacto da replicação descontrolada de informações ludibriosas sobre o novo coronavírus e sobre a COVID-19. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa aprofundada acerca dos danos causados na saúde pública pelo alastramento de tais notícias sendo a população da cidade de Araras escolhida para análise da dimensão dessas implicações por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas

Anesthetic efficacy of liposomal prilocaine in maxillary infiltration anesthesia

Orientadores: Maria Cristina Volpato, Eneida de Paula, Francisco Carlos GroppoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Estudos em animais têm demonstrado que a encapsulação lipossomal da prilocaína aumenta sua eficácia anestésica em tecidos moles. Este estudo randomizado, cruzado e cego teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia anestésica da formulação lipossomal de prilocaína 3% comparada à prilocaína 3% sem aditivos e prilocaina 3% com felipressina 0,03UI/mL, aplicadas por técnica infiltrativa na região vestibular do canino superior direito em 32 voluntários. As formulações foram aplicadas em 3 sessões, com ordem aleatória de aplicação e intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. O sucesso, a latência e a duração da anestesia pulpar foram avaliados com aplicação de estímulo elétrico no incisivo lateral, canino e primeiro pré-molar superiores; a latência e duração da anestesia em tecidos moles foram avaliadas por pressão com instrumento rombo na gengiva inserida da região vestibular do canino superior direito e a dor à injeção por meio da escala analógica visual (EAV). Considerou-se como sucesso anestésico quando a latência foi menor ou igual a 10 minutos com duração mínima de 10 minutos. Os voluntários e o pesquisador que avaliou as anestesias não tinham conhecimento da formulação aplicada. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes Kruskal-Wallis (latência e duração da anestesia pulpar), Tuckey (EAV), Friedman (duração da anestesia gengival), Log Rank e McNemar (sucesso). A formulação lipossomal apresentou resultados semelhantes à formulação sem aditivos (p>0,05) e estatisticamente inferiores à prilocaína com felipressina (p0,05) e a prilocaina sem aditivos apresentou menor sucesso e maior latência (p0,05). Conclui-se que a prilocaína lipossomal apresenta eficácia anestésica semelhante à solução sem aditivos e menor eficácia do que a solução de prilocaína com felipressina em infiltração na maxila, não havendo, portanto, vantagem no seu usoAbstract: Animal studies have shown that liposome encapsulation increases prilocaine anesthetic efficacy in soft tissues. This randomized, blind, crossover, three period study evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of liposome-encapsulated 3% prilocaine compared to 3% plain prilocaine and 3% prilocaine with 0.03IU/mL felypressin, after 1.8mL infiltration in the buccal sulcus of the maxillary right canine, in 32 volunteers. The formulations were randomly applied in three sessions, spaced one week apart. Anesthesia success and onset and duration of pulpal anesthesia in the lateral incisor, canine and first premolar were evaluated by using an electric pulp tester; onset and duration of soft tissue anesthesia were evaluated by pinprick test in the buccal attached gingiva of maxillary right canine. Injection pain was analyzed through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Anesthesia was considered successful when the onset time was less than 10 minutes and the duration was at least 10 minutes. The volunteers and the researcher who evaluated anesthesia parameters were blind to the formulations injected. Results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis (onset and duration of pulpal anesthesia), Tuckey (VAS), Friedman (duration of gingival anesthesia), Log-Rank and McNemar tests (anesthesia success), (?=5%). Liposomal prilocaine showed similar results in comparison to plain prilocaine (p>0.05), and lower anesthesia success and duration for canine and premolar and for duration of gingival anesthesia (p0.05); plain prilocaine presented lower success rate and slower onset of anesthesia for this tooth in comparison to prilocaine with felypressin (p0.05). In conclusion, liposomal prilocaine presents similar anesthetic efficacy in relation to plain prilocaine and lower efficacy in comparison to prilocaine with felypressin in maxillary infiltration. Therefore, there is no advantage in the use of this formulationMestradoFarmacologia, Anestesiologia e TerapeuticaMestre em Odontologi

Frequency of musculoskeletal pain and thermal comfort in students of dentistry

The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms (MS) and thermal sensation in the clinical setting in dental students. We evaluated 124 students in the curricular stage. The frequency of MS was evaluated with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the thermal sensation through reporting by scale ranging from very cold to very hot. About 80% of the students had some MS. The sites with the highest frequency were the regions of the thoracic spine (46%) and neck (45%) (P < 0.001). Neck pain was associated with thermal discomfort (P = 0.02), especially in women. Positive correlations were also observed between the different anatomical regions and intensity of the symptoms (P <0.05), mainly between the thoracic and lumbar spine (Rs = 0.53), knee and ankle/foot (Rs = 0.52), and neck and shoulder (Rs = 0.51) for both sexes. Regarding thermal sensation of the clinical environment, the clinical environment temperature was considered comfortable by 33.9% of the patients. MS are frequent in dentistry students, especially in the spinal region, and pain in the neck region is correlated with thermal sensation of cold, calling attention to the need for the prevention and for ergonomic and lifestyle changes

Chitosan-tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles As Arrabidaea Chica Standardized Extract Carrier: Synthesis, Characterization, Biocompatibility, And Antiulcerogenic Activity.

Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150±13 nm and a zeta potential of +45±2 mV. Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60±10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems.103897-390

Avaliação da variabilidade em estudos envolvendo anestesia odontologica

Com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição dos coeficientes de variação (CV) de estudos envolvendo anestesia odontológica, foram analisados 143 artigos científicos encontrados na base de dados do MEDLINE, no período de 1963 a 2001. Os CV foram classificados (GARCIA, 1989) de acordo com a variável estudada, número de tratamentos e delineamento experimental, definindo-se os coeficientes médios, intervalos de confiança (a= 0,05) e classes de freqüência. Foram propostas faixas de classificação utilizando-se a relação entre média e desvio padrão dos valores de CV para todos os dados e para cada parâmetro estudado: arcada dentária, técnica anestésica (bloqueio ou infiltrativa), soluções anestésicas (com ou sem vasoconstritor) e uso de pulp tester. As classificações aqui apresentadas devem servir de parâmetro para estudos semelhantes, afim de que os pesquisadores verifiquem se os resultados obtidos em seus experimentos encontram-se dentro da faixa de valores esperada

Arrabidaea chica Verlot : in vitro evaluation of toxicity, antimicrobial and cytoprotective activities from standardized free crude extract combined with zoledronic acid, and microencapsulation studies

Orientadores: Mary Ann Foglio, Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz, João Ernesto de CarvalhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A Osteonecrose Maxilar Induzida por Bisfosfonatos (OMIB) está associada à terapia com bisfosfonatos como o ácido zoledrônico (ZA), que são medicamentos importantes para o manejo de patologias ósseas. Estudos in vitro demostraram que os bisfosfonatos podem alterar a viabilidade e proliferação de células epiteliais, o que justificaria situações de deficiente cicatrização em feridas de OMIB. Arrabidaea chica (H&B.) Verlot é uma Bignoniaceae com propriedades cicatrizantes, e que apresenta as antocianidinas como principais compostos identificados. Este estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana, citotóxica e citoprotetora, in vitro, do extrato hidroalcoólico de A. chica (AC) na presença de ZA. Foi realizado estudo de estabilidade nas condições de 40 °C e 75% umidade, do extrato microencapsulado em mistura de goma arábica com maltodextrina (1:1) e do extrato livre correspondente. Queratinócitos (HaCaT), fibroblastos (PT64-04HF) e osteoblastos (MC3T3-E1) foram submetidos a 2 protocolos de tratamento: a exposição a ZA 10 µM por 24h e posteriormente AC por 48h e vice-versa; ou o co-tratamento de ambos. Os parâmetros estudados foram viabilidade, ocorrência de apoptose e ativação de caspases 3/7. A viabilidade de células de câncer de próstata (C4-2B) foi avaliada após tratamento com AC. Streptococcus mutans foram submetidos ao co-tratamento ZA e AC. Microcápsulas contendo AC foram produzidas por processamento em spray dryer, aliquotadas e armazenadas em câmara climática para o estudo de estabilidade acelerada, segundo protocolo da ANVISA (RE 01/2005). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA e Teste T de Student, a=0,05). Após 48 h, ZA reduziu a viabilidade de queratinócitos, fibroblastos e osteoblastos em, respectivamente, 34%, 47% e 51%. O co-tratamento ZA e AC 5 µg mL-1 aumentou a viabilidade celular (82%, 83% e 55%), o mesmo ocorrendo para ZA e AC 10 µg mL-1 (69%, 70% e 64%). Após 48 h de tratamento com ZA, não houve apoptose celular ou ativação de caspases em fibroblastos, mas verificou-se a ativação de caspase 3/7 em osteoblastos. As concentrações de 5 e 10 µg mL-1 de AC não alteraram a viabilidade de células C4-2B, porém observou-se uma redução de mais de 40% em concentrações maiores que 10 µg mL-1. O crescimento de S. mutans foi aparentemente aumentado após o tratamento com ZA em concentrações maiores que 50 µM, sem que AC ocasionasse qualquer efeito. Finalmente, o material formador de parede (mistura de goma arábica com maltodextrina 1:1) empregado para microencapsular AC, foi incapaz de inibir a degradação das antocinidinas, cujas concentrações relativas foram reduzidas após 15 dias de incubação. Assim, baixas concentrações de AC (5 e 10 µg mL-1) demostraram promissora atividade citoprotetora contra os efeitos prejudiciais de ZA, em células epiteliais e osteoblastos, sem estimularem o crescimento das células cancerígenas (C4-2B) e de S. mutans. Outros materiais formadores de parede serão avaliados, buscando-se aumentar a estabilidade química de AC. Mais estudos são necessários para a comprovação dos efeitos benéficos de AC como um auxiliar no tratamento de OMIBAbstract: The bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a condition associated to bisphosphonates, medicines used to treat bone disorders, as zoledronic acid. In vitro studies showed epithelial cells viability and growth can be altered by bisphosphonates, and may cause a deficient wound healing in BRONJ. Arrabidaea chica (H&B.) Verlot is a Bignoniaceae with wound healing properties, however, anthocyanidins, the main compounds of the plant extract, can be easily degraded under environmental conditions. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial, citotoxic and citoprotective actions of A. chica hydroalcoholic extract (AC) in the presence of ZA therapy. Stability studies at 40 °C and 75% humidity conditions, from microencapsulated into arabic gum plus maltodextrin (1:1) and free crude extract samples were conducted. Keratinocytes (HaCaT), fibroblasts (PT64-04HF) and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were submitted to 2 treatment protocols: zoledronic acid 10 µM (ZA) therapy during 24 h and then AC during 48 h and vice-versa; or co-treatment with both. Parameters as viability, apoptosis and caspase 3/7 activation were evaluated. Cancer cells (C4-2B) viability was determined after AC treatment. Streptococcus mutans were submitted to co-treatment with ZA and AC. Microcapsules containing AC were obtained after spray dryer processing, aliquoted and stored into climatic chamber for stability study according to ANVISA protocol (RE 01/2005). ANOVA and T Student test, ?a=0,05, were applied for statistical analysis. After 48 h, ZA treatment decreased viability of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts repectively by 34%, 47% and 51%. Co-treatments ZA and AC 5 µg mL-1 (82%, 83% and 55%), and ZA and AC 10 µg mL-1 (69%, 70% and 64%) increased cell viability. No apoptosis or caspase activation were detected on fibroblasts, however, caspase 3/7 was active on osteoblasts after ZA 48 h treatment. Concentrations higher than 10 µg mL-1 of AC were toxic to cancer cells and showed a decrease by 40% in cell viability, while no effect was seen with AC 5 or 10 µg mL-1. Higher ZA concentrations (50 µM) seemed to induce S. mutans growth, while AC showed no effect on bacteria. Finally, the studied core matherial (arabic gum plus matodextrin 1:1) was ineffective on protecting AC extract against degradation, since anthocyanidins concentration was reduced after 15 days incubation. Therefore, lower AC concentrations (5 and 10 µg mL-1) were promising on treating BRONJ wounds, as they were effective in protect epithelial cells against harmfull effects of ZA, without affecting cancer cells or S. mutans growth. Different types of core matherials must be evaluated for improving AC chemical stability. More studies are required to prove AC beneficial effects on treating BRONJDoutoradoFarmacologia, Anestesiologia e TerapeuticaDoutora em Odontologi

Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity

Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat various diseases. Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal colic. Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract (AcE). Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our studies indicated that the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150 +/- 13 nm and a zeta potential of +45 +/- 2 mV. Particle size decreased with AcE addition (60 +/- 10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using human skin fibroblasts. AcE-NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. Antiulcerogenic activity of AcE-NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by ethanol and indomethacin. NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the ulcerative lesion index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. The AcE encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems1038973909CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2009/16484-1; 2010/07781-0; 2009/51020-6; 2011/09127-

Liposomal lidocaine gel for topical use at the oral mucosa: characterization, in vitro assays and in vivo anesthetic efficacy in humans.

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOTo characterize liposomal-lidocaine formulations for topical use on oral mucosa and to compare their in vitro permeation and in vivo anesthetic efficacy with commercially available lidocaine formulations. Large unilamellar liposomes (400 nm) containing lidocaine were prepared using phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and α-tocoferol (4:3:0.07, w:w:w) and were characterized in terms of membrane/water partition coefficient, encapsulation efficiency, size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and in vitro release. In vitro permeation across pig palatal mucosa and in vivo topical anesthetic efficacy on the palatal mucosa in healthy volunteers (double-blinded cross-over, placebo controlled study) were performed. The following formulations were tested: liposome-encapsulated 5% lidocaine (Liposome-Lido5); liposome-encapsulated 2.5% lidocaine (Liposome-Lido2.5); 5% lidocaine ointment (Xylocaina®), and eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine 2.5% (EMLA®). The Liposome-Lido5 and EMLA showed the best in vitro permeation parameters (flux and permeability coefficient) in comparison with Xylocaina and placebo groups, as well as the best in vivo topical anesthetic efficacy. We successfully developed and characterized a liposome encapsulated 5% lidocaine gel. It could be considered an option to other topical anesthetic agents for oral mucosa.To characterize liposomal-lidocaine formulations for topical use on oral mucosa and to compare their in vitro permeation and in vivo anesthetic efficacy with commercially available lidocaine formulations. Large unilamellar liposomes (400 nm) containing lidocaine were prepared using phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and α-tocoferol (4:3:0.07, w:w:w) and were characterized in terms of membrane/water partition coefficient, encapsulation efficiency, size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and in vitro release. In vitro permeation across pig palatal mucosa and in vivo topical anestheticefficacy on the palatal mucosa in healthy volunteers (double-blinded cross-over, placebo controlled study) were performed. The following formulations were tested: liposome-encapsulated 5% lidocaine (Liposome-Lido5); liposome-encapsulated 2.5% lidocaine (Liposome-Lido2.5); 5% lidocaine ointment (Xylocaina®), and eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine 2.5% (EMLA®). The Liposome-Lido5 and EMLA showed the best in vitro permeation parameters (flux and permeability coefficient) in comparison with Xylocaina and placebo groups, as well as the best in vivo topical anesthetic efficacy. We successfully developed and characterized a liposome encapsulated 5% lidocaine gel. It could be considered an option to other topical anesthetic agents for oral mucosa2511119FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2006/00121-9; 2007/05734-1; 2009/08860-

Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising Arrabidaea Chica Extract In Controlled Release Systems, Production Process And Use Thereof

SISTEMA E MÉTODO DE FUMO ELÉTRICO. Um sistema de fumo elétrico (21) compreendendo um cigarro (23) e um acendedor elétrico (25), no qual o cigarro (23) compreende uma superfície fosca de tabaco tubular (66) parcialmente cheia com material de tabaco (80) de modo a definir uma porção de barra de tabaco cheia (60) e uma porção de barra de tabaco vaga (90). O cigarro (23) e o acendedor (25) são mutuamente dispostos de modo que quando o cigarro (23) é recebido no acendedor (25), o elemento do aquecedor elétrico (37) do acendedor (25) pelo menos parcialmente sobrepõe pelo menos uma porção da porção da barra de tabaco cheia (60). O cigarro (23) e o acendedor (25) são também mutuamente dispostos de modo que quando o cigarro (23) é recebido no acondedor (25), a extremidade livre (15) do cigarro (23) fica fechada. O cigarro (23) inclui uma zona de perfurações (12,14) em uma localização ao longo da porção da barra de tabaco cheia (60), com o cigarro sendo isento de perfurações ao longo da porção da barra de tabaco vaga (90).BRPI1105312 (A2)A61K36/185A61K9/127A61K9/50A61K9/51BR2011PI05312A61K36/185A61K9/127A61K9/50A61K9/5