699 research outputs found
Unbounded randomness certification using sequences of measurements
Unpredictability, or randomness, of the outcomes of measurements made on an
entangled state can be certified provided that the statistics violate a Bell
inequality. In the standard Bell scenario where each party performs a single
measurement on its share of the system, only a finite amount of randomness, of
at most bits, can be certified from a pair of entangled particles
of dimension . Our work shows that this fundamental limitation can be
overcome using sequences of (nonprojective) measurements on the same system.
More precisely, we prove that one can certify any amount of random bits from a
pair of qubits in a pure state as the resource, even if it is arbitrarily
weakly entangled. In addition, this certification is achieved by near-maximal
violation of a particular Bell inequality for each measurement in the sequence.Comment: 4 + 5 pages (1 + 3 images), published versio
Random boundaries: quantifying segmentation uncertainty in solutions to boundary-value problems
Engineering simulations using boundary-value partial differential equations
often implicitly assume that the uncertainty in the location of the boundary
has a negligible impact on the output of the simulation. In this work, we
develop a novel method for describing the geometric uncertainty in
image-derived models and use a naive method for subsequently quantifying a
simulation's sensitivity to that uncertainty. A Gaussian random field is
constructed to represent the space of possible geometries, based on
image-derived quantities such as pixel size, which can then be used to probe
the simulation's output space. The algorithm is demonstrated with examples from
biomechanics where patient-specific geometries are often segmented from
low-resolution, three-dimensional images. These examples show the method's wide
applicability with examples using linear elasticity and fluid dynamics. We show
that important biomechanical outputs of these example simulations, namely
maximum principal stress and wall shear stress, can be highly sensitive to
realistic uncertainties in geometry
To Kick Against the Pricks: An Examination of the Oresteia and the Acts of the Apostles
The major themes found in the Oresteia and the books of Luke and Acts of the Apostles are compared. By focusing on the similarities found in the themes of Justice, Religion, and New versus Old, the reader may determine if the phrase in question is being used as a literary allusion in the book of Acts of the Apostles to the Oresteia trilogy. The author believes this to be the case and believes that to arrive at a full understanding of the literary meaning of the phrase in question, an understanding of the major themes of the Oresteia is necessary
DNA-PAINT MINFLUX nanoscopy
MINimal fluorescence photon FLUXes (MINFLUX) nanoscopy, providing photon-efficient fluorophore localizations, has brought about three-dimensional resolution at nanometer scales. However, by using an intrinsic on–off switching process for single fluorophore separation, initial MINFLUX implementations have been limited to two color channels. Here we show that MINFLUX can be effectively combined with sequentially multiplexed DNA-based labeling (DNA-PAINT), expanding MINFLUX nanoscopy to multiple molecular targets. Our method is exemplified with three-color recordings of mitochondria in human cells
Risk and Ambiguity in Information Seeking:Eye Gaze Patterns Reveal Contextual Behavior in Dealing with Uncertainty
Information foraging connects optimal foraging theory in ecology with how
humans search for information. The theory suggests that, following an
information scent, the information seeker must optimize the tradeoff between
exploration by repeated steps in the search space vs. exploitation, using the
resources encountered. We conjecture that this tradeoff characterizes how a
user deals with uncertainty and its two aspects, risk and ambiguity in economic
theory. Risk is related to the perceived quality of the actually visited patch
of information, and can be reduced by exploiting and understanding the patch to
a better extent. Ambiguity, on the other hand, is the opportunity cost of
having higher quality patches elsewhere in the search space. The aforementioned
tradeoff depends on many attributes, including traits of the user: at the two
extreme ends of the spectrum, analytic and wholistic searchers employ entirely
different strategies. The former type focuses on exploitation first,
interspersed with bouts of exploration, whereas the latter type prefers to
explore the search space first and consume later. Based on an eye-tracking
study of experts' interactions with novel search interfaces in the biomedical
domain, we demonstrate that perceived risk shifts the balance between
exploration and exploitation in either type of users, tilting it against vs. in
favour of ambiguity minimization. Since the pattern of behaviour in information
foraging is quintessentially sequential, risk and ambiguity minimization cannot
happen simultaneously, leading to a fundamental limit on how good such a
tradeoff can be. This in turn connects information seeking with the emergent
field of quantum decision theory.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Fractally-organized Connectionist Networks: Conjectures and Preliminary Results
A strict interpretation of connectionism mandates complex networks of simple
components. The question here is, is this simplicity to be interpreted in
absolute terms? I conjecture that absolute simplicity might not be an essential
attribute of connectionism, and that it may be effectively exchanged with a
requirement for relative simplicity, namely simplicity with respect to the
current organizational level. In this paper I provide some elements to the
analysis of the above question. In particular I conjecture that fractally
organized connectionist networks may provide a convenient means to achive what
Leibniz calls an "art of complication", namely an effective way to encapsulate
complexity and practically extend the applicability of connectionism to domains
such as sociotechnical system modeling and design. Preliminary evidence to my
claim is brought by considering the design of the software architecture
designed for the telemonitoring service of Flemish project "Little Sister".Comment: Draft of an invited paper for PEWET (1st Workshop on PErvasive WEb
Technologies, trends and challenges),
http://www.irpps.cnr.it/en/events/call-for-papers-pewet-pervasive-web-technologies-trends-and-challenge
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