Perilaku Harga Dan Keterpaduan Pasar Cabai Merah Keriting (Capsicum Annuum) Di Provinsi Bengkulu

This research aims to measure of price behavior, market integration and market leader of the red Chili in Bengkulu Province. Monthly series of 2006 to 2011 were used as sample data in this analyzing research. The data were from secondary of the monthly average price of red Chili. They were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Department of Agriculture in Bengkulu Province. The variables which were research included red Chili price in the market producer Curup and market consumer Panorama, Minggu, Purwodadi and Ampera. The price behavior applied descriptive statistical analysis, to see the fluctuation of price applied the coefficient of variation formula. The analysis of market integration and marked leader applied the method of co-integration and Granger causality test (Engle and Granger model (1987)). The results of the price behavior showed price of red Chili commodity is relative fluctuation. The value of the coefficient of variation (CV) in the consumers area (CV = 42,35%) is smaller than in the producer area (CV = 64,41%). The price of red Chili in producer area more fluctuation than the prices in the consumers area. The result of market integration showed a strong level of market integration between market producer Curup and consumer Panorama, Minggu, Purwodadi and Ampera. Besides it, the strong level of integration also between the inter-market consumer Panorama, Minggu, Ampera and Purwodadi. Market leader for commodity red Chili in Bengkulu Province is market consumer Panorama

Radial Spoke Proteins of \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e Flagella

The radial spoke is a ubiquitous component of `9+2\u27 cilia and flagella, and plays an essential role in the control of dynein arm activity by relaying signals from the central pair of microtubules to the arms. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii radial spoke contains at least 23 proteins, only 8 of which have been characterized at the molecular level. Here, we use mass spectrometry to identify 10 additional radial spoke proteins. Many of the newly identified proteins in the spoke stalk are predicted to contain domains associated with signal transduction, including Ca2+-, AKAP- and nucleotide-binding domains. This suggests that the spoke stalk is both a scaffold for signaling molecules and itself a transducer of signals. Moreover, in addition to the recently described HSP40 family member, a second spoke stalk protein is predicted to be a molecular chaperone, implying that there is a sophisticated mechanism for the assembly of this large complex. Among the 18 spoke proteins identified to date, at least 12 have apparent homologs in humans, indicating that the radial spoke has been conserved throughout evolution. The human genes encoding these proteins are candidates for causing primary ciliary dyskinesia, a severe inherited disease involving missing or defective axonemal structures, including the radial spokes

The Chlamydomonas genome project: A decade on

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a popular unicellular organism for studying photosynthesis, cilia biogenesis, and micronutrient homeostasis. Ten years since its genome project was initiated an iterative process of improvements to the genome and gene predictions has propelled this organism to the forefront of the omics era. Housed at Phytozome, the plant genomics portal of the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), the most up-to-date genomic data include a genome arranged on chromosomes and high-quality gene models with alternative splice forms supported by an abundance of whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. We present here the past, present, and future of Chlamydomonas genomics. Specifically, we detail progress on genome assembly and gene model refinement, discuss resources for gene annotations, functional predictions, and locus ID mapping between versions and, importantly, outline a standardized framework for naming genes

Pulsed phytoplankton supply to the rocky subtidal zone: influence of internal waves.

Hydrographic measurements indicate that the thermocline and the phytoplankton-rich chlorophyll maximum layer are vertically displaced over a rocky pinnacle in the central Gulf of Maine by internal waves with maximum amplitudes of 27 m. Such predictable downwelling events are linked to rapid, 2- to 3-fold increases in chlorophyll a, an indicator of phytoplankton concentration, in pulses of warm water recorded 4 cm above the bottom (29-m depth). The 1.5-5.6 degrees C temperature fluctuations had an average period of 10.6 min and were generated on both ebb and flood tides. Local lee waves and the arrival of solitons propagated from Georges Bank are hypothesized to explain the timing of the internal waves. Because internal waves and chlorophyll maxima are pervasive features of stratified temperate seas, this mechanism of food coupling should be common in other rocky subtidal habitats